Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This is a single center exploratory imaging study involving one intravenous microdose of [18F]F-AraG followed by whole-body positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET-MR) imaging in HIV infected individuals to determine the anatomical distribution of the PET tracer. Participants will be enrolled if they were treated during early or late HIV infection. In addition, individuals not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) or with HIV-1 plasma RNA levels >5,000 copies/mL will be enrolled.

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study to determine the effectiveness of Mirasol-treated fresh whole blood (FWB) versus Standard-issue FWB for preventing transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The incidence of pre-defined viral, bacterial, or parasitic TTIs in previously negative participants will be assessed by changes in laboratory findings at multiple time points over the course of the clinical trial.

COVID-19 Viral Global Pandemic resulting in post-infection pulmonary damage, including Fibrotic Lung Disease due to inflammatory and reactive protein secretions damaging pulmonary alveolar structure and functionality. A short review includes: Early December, 2019 - A pneumonia of unknown cause was detected in Wuhan, China, and was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office. January 30th, 2020 - The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. February 7th, 2020 - 34-year-old Ophthalmologist who first identified a SARS-like coronavirus) dies from the same virus. February 11th, 2020 - WHO announces a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19. February 19th, 2020 - The U.S. has its first outbreak in a Seattle nursing home which were complicated with loss of lives.. March 11th, 2020 - WHO declares the virus a pandemic and in less than three months, from the time when this virus was first detected, the virus has spread across the entire planet with cases identified in every country including Greenland. March 21st, 2020 - Emerging Infectious Disease estimates the risk for death in Wuhan reached values as high as 12% in the epicenter of the epidemic and ≈1% in other, more mildly affected areas. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control." March 21st 2020 -Much of the United States is currently under some form of self- or mandatory quarantine as testing abilities ramp up.. March 24th, 2020 - Hot spots are evolving and identified, particularly in the areas of New York-New Jersey, Washington, and California. Immediate attention is turned to testing, diagnosis, epidemiological containment, clinical trials for drug testing started, and work on a long-term vaccine started. The recovering patients are presenting with mild to severe lung impairment as a result of the viral attack on the alveolar and lung tissues. Clinically significant impairment of pulmonary function appears to be a permanent finding as a direct result of the interstitial lung damage and inflammatory changes that accompanied. This Phase 0, first-in-kind for humans, is use of autologous, cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF) deployed intravenously to examine the anti-inflammatory and structural potential to improve the residual, permanent damaged alveolar tissues of the lungs.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the main complication of surgery. The prevention of superficial SSI by topical prophylaxis is controversial. Human studies on wound lavage with topical solutions (saline, antiseptics or antibiotics) are old and do not yield conclusive results. In experimental conditions there is evidence in favor of the efficiency wound lavage with saline and antibiotic solutions. Clinical studies are needed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of antibiotic lavage. Objective. Study of the efficacy of topical antibiotic therapy in the prevention of SSI in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with different risk of infection. Method. Project comprising several randomized double-blind clinical trials with a common methodology. Procedures with varying degrees of contamination, as emergency abdominal surgery, cesareans and complex abdominal wall reconstructions will be studied. Follow-up will be 30 days after operation. Data will be collected anonymously and the relationships between the variables will be analyzed using Pearson's chi-square, survival analysis and analysis of risk factors as appropriate. The effect of topical antibiotic on hospital stay, resistance patterns in SSI, and antibiotic serum levels will be analyzed.

The Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program in Catalonia (VINCat) monitors surgical site infection (SSI) in elective colorectal surgery since 2007 in 55 public and private acute care hospitals. These hospitals perform active and prospective standardized surveillance of elective colorectal resections. Post-discharge surveillance is mandatory at least up to 30 days after surgery. Hospitals are classified according to their size into three groups: >500 hospital beds; 200-500 beds; <200 beds. Aim. To examine the effect on SSI rate of a specific preventative bundle in elective colorectal surgery. Methods. Pragmatic study using VINCat prospective colorectal database from 2007 to 2018. In 2016, a bundle of six preventative measures was recommended to the VINCat hospitals. To compare the results of SSI before (baseline phase, BP) and after the bundle implementation (implementation phase, IP) a logistic regression model has been established. The results will be shown as Odds Ratio (OR) and the corresponding confidence intervalsCI95. The significance level will be fixed at 5% (P < 0.05).

The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose escalation, multi-center clinical trial (RCT) of SPI-1005 in adult subjects with positive PCR test for novel SARS-CoV-2 (nCoV2) and moderate symptoms of COVID-19 disease.

Background. Community-acquired acute respiratory tract infections (CA-ARTI) are among the most frequent infectious diseases worldwide. Uncomplicated ARTI is the most frequent cause of inappropriate antibiotic use, and there is a need of more judicious antibiotic prescribing to prevent exposure to drug-related adverse events and selection of antibiotic resistance. There is a need to assess the impact of rapid syndromic diagnostic testing in patients with CA-ARTI presenting to Emergency Rooms on clinical decision making related to hospitalisation and prescription of antibiotics. At the same time it must be determined whether the decisions guided by the rapid syndromic diagnostic testing results do not compromise patient safety. Trial objective: To assess the impact of rapid diagnostic testing in patients with ARTI at the emergency department, on (1) hospital admission rates, (2) antimicrobial prescriptions (days of treatment) and (3) non-inferiority in terms of clinical outcome. Secondary objectives include health care utilisation, time away from school or routine childcare arrangements and quality of life. In an ancillary study, changing patterns in microbiological colonisation of the oropharynx following different management strategies will be assessed in a subset of participants. Study design: Individually randomised controlled trial, randomisation 1:1 to either a rapid test group (intervention described below) or a control group, with management according to standard of care at the local facility. Follow-up until discharge from hospital and thereafter by telephone follow-up and self (or proxy)-completion questionnaires until 30 days after randomisation. Study population: Children of any age consulting in selected participating sites with CA-ARTI, in which there is initial uncertainty about treatment and management decisions, after provision of informed consent by parent(s) or legal guardian. Study Intervention: The diagnostic intervention is rapid syndromic testing on a nasopharyngeal swab with BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2.1 plus (RP2.1plus) (licensed for routine use at all trial sites), results expected within four hours from sample collection. Co-primary endpoints: Hierarchical nested analysis design of: Days alive out of hospital (superiority endpoint), within 14 days Days on Therapy (DOT) with antibiotics (superiority endpoint), within 14 days Adverse outcome (non-inferiority safety endpoint) For initially non-admitted patients: any admission or death within 30 days For initially hospitalized patients: any readmission, ICU admission >= 24 hours after hospitalization or death, all within 30 days

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for 5-14% of pediatric emergency department visits annually. At the moment, up to one third of children suffering of acute (UTI) will have a new infection and there is a lack of effective methods for preventing secondary UTIs in young children. Majority of UTIs in children are caused by intestinal bacteria of the patient, mainly E. coli that colonizes gut of the patient. E. coli Nissle is a probiotic strain that has been used successfully for treating acute gastrointestinal infections in children. The strain has also been proved to be safe for infants and young children. E. coli Nissle could be a potential solution for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in children as it competes with pathogenic bacteria that usually cause UTIs in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate efficacy of E. coli Nissle strain in secondary prevention of urinary tract infections in young children.

This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III interventional trial of the nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) to prevent persistent oral HPV infection in adult cisgender men and transgender women living with HIV.

The first line therapy for an initial episode of CDI (Clostridium difficile infection) is 10-14 days of oral vancomycin which is now recommended over metronidazole in the 2018 guidelines from the Association of Medical Microbiologists and Infectious Diseases of Canada (AMMI). Although response rates for the treatment of a first episode of CDI now approach 90%, approximately 25% of patients who have a complete response will develop recurrence (rCDI) within 8 weeks. Doctors' ability to predict recurrence is evolving, but remains very limited. The investigators hypothesize that by extending initial vancomycin therapy with a 2-week tapering regimen this will reduce the risk of rCDI. Starting at the end of the initial 14 days of therapy, participants will be randomized to receive an additional 14-days of placebo or vancomycin taper (125 mg orally twice daily x 7 days followed by 125 mg orally once daily x 7 days). This taper was chosen as it represents two steps of a commonly used 4-week vancomycin taper. The investigators' proposal to evaluate the extension of initial treatment from 14 to 28 days with a tapering dose of vancomycin represents a practical clinical trial that capitalizes on oral vancomycin's safety profile, worldwide availability, and relatively low cost.