Active clinical trials for "Infections"

It is a single-center, randomized, open-label, phase IV study for the explorative investigation of the pharmacological mode-of-action of Echinaforce® extract in the form of Echinaforce® Chewable tablets"- Further, it is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the study product for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in generally healthy adults following a real-life setting. The study covers 2x2 + 1 month of prevention in 120 randomized participants following a tight sampling set-up for sensitive detection of viral infections by RT-qPCR analysis of nasal swabs and seroconversion of SARS-CoV2 IgG/IgM in serum samples.

Title: Reducing malnutrition and helminthic infectious disease among primary school children by the school nurses: School-based non-randomized study in a developing country Introduction: Globally, malnutrition alone with the infectious disease a widespread problem among primary school (5 to 12 years) children. Infectious diseases such as worm infestations are aggravated with nutritional disorders which most often lead to anemia and several complications. The prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal worm infestation/ helminthic infection is still high and the awareness level of those issues is immensely poor. However, there are limited studies that evaluated the impact of increasing health awareness by the development of the Health Awareness Program for Primary School Children (HAPSC) which is conducted by the experimentally placed school nurse in Bangladesh. Objective: To increase health awareness and knowledge towards reducing malnutrition and intestinal worm infestation by implement and evaluate the impact of the Health Awareness Program for Primary School children (HAPSC) in Bangladesh. Methods: Design: A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster non-randomization controlled trial (NRCT) Site and sample: School children from four primary schools in the rural areas of North Matlab at Chandpur district at Chittagong division in Bangladesh. Duration: The duration of this study is from August 2021 to March 2024 (32nd months). Outcome variables: Primary: changes in malnutrition among primary school children. Secondary: Evaluate and reduce the prevalence of intestinal worm infestation, increase awareness and knowledge regarding malnutritional and intestinal worm infestation, improvement of health behavior (eating and hygiene), frequency of school absent days, and health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Health education by the health professional in the school setting may be an effective method for improving health behavior, and increasing awareness and knowledge levels about malnutrition and intestinal worm infestation from early childhood.

This study is designed to test the efficacy and safety of combinations of two well-understood agents - famotidine and celecoxib in patients hospitalized with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 (based on World Health Organization [WHO] Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement). Both famotidine and celecoxib separately demonstrate clinical activity in mitigating COVID-19 disease symptoms or severity, and appear to have separate and complementary mechanisms of action.

Postoperative antibiotics are routinely used for implant-based breast augmentation at the investigators' institution. From 2017-2019, the investigators' institution has conducted approximately 270 primary and secondary breast augmentation procedures. Current plastic surgery literature does not provide recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis following implant-based breast procedures. Despite controversy surrounding their utility during the postoperative course, postoperative antibiotics have become commonplace for many plastic surgeons. To date, strong scientific evidence supporting this practice is minimal and based largely on anecdotal evidence and limited studies, including poorly controlled retrospective and non-blinded prospective series. The goal of this study is to conduct a prospective randomized trial to assess whether extended antibiotic prophylaxis is necessary to prevent infection and long-term complications (e.g. capsular contracture) in patients undergoing augmentation mammoplasty with implants. The investigators' anticipate that extended antibiotic prophylaxis is not required. The rationale for discontinuing postoperative antibiotics is based on the following: (1) a single dose of preoperative intravenous antibiotics has been demonstrated to be sufficient prophylaxis for most breast surgeries and (2) there are patient safety concerns associated with prolonged antimicrobial use such as the development of resistant bacterial strains and clostridium-related infections. Concrete evidence that extended antibiotic prophylaxis is not required would encourage plastic surgeons to practice better antibiotic stewardship and help stymie the rise of drug-resistant organisms.

The study evaluates the effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum Arenarium on different components of the metabolic syndrome. The components of metabolic syndrome will be measured at baseline and four weeks after daily consumptions of either Helichrysum italicum or either Helichrysum Arenarium, and after two weeks of washout. In addition, stool samples will be also taken at baseline and after four weeks of daily consumtion of either Helichrysum italicum or either Helichrysum Arenarium.

Burns are one of the common forms of trauma and are a cause of unintentional death and injury. Management of burns becomes complex due to multiple associated complications, for instance, secondary infection of burn wounds is the most common complication associated with burn injuries. Treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics is becoming more challenging due to the development of multidrug-resistance. Hence, there is a critical need to investigate and establish non-antibiotic approaches to prevent colonization, control growth, and eliminate bacteria from burn wounds. Recent studies have explored the beneficial effects of open-to-air strategies on wound healing. Based on the evidence, the investigators hypothesize that bacterial load in burn wounds will be lowered when treated with an open-to-air strategy compared to the traditional closed wound approach.

A randomized controlled study comparing the effect of administration of 1 gm ceftriaxone in elective cesarean section 30-60 min before skin incision versus after cord clamping.

Background: There are no published studies regarding the use of wound protectors in the context of surgical site infection (SSI) rates among patients receiving a pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple) with preoperatively placed intrabiliary stents. In high volume experiences, the SSI rate is 40-50% within this cohort. In Calgary, preoperative biliary stent placement for bile duct decompression represents the norm given typical surgical wait times. In addition to having higher associated lengths of hospital stay, ICU admissions, hospital re-admissions, and overall mortality, patients with SSI are also delayed, and often omitted, in their progression to critical oncologic adjuvant chemotherapy. As a result, SSI remain crucial and devastating complications for pancreas surgeons and their patients alike. Methods: The investigators will complete a randomized controlled trial evaluating the rate of SSI in adult patients who undergo a pancreatoduodenectomy following biliary stent placement when wound protectors are employed versus no wound protector use. This trial will employ block randomization. All four University of Calgary Heapato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) surgeons will participate with a planned inclusion of all patients scheduled to undergo a pancreatoduodenectomy. Analysis: The investigators will use an intention to treat approach to the analysis. Categorical baseline data will be analyzed using the Fisher exact probability test. Non-categorical baseline data will be analyzed using the Student t test. SSI rates will be determined using the Fisher exact probability test. Hypothesis: Wound protectors will reduce the SSI rate in patients undergoing a pancreatoduodenectomy with preoperatively placed intrabiliary stents. Potential Impact: Given the tremendous oncologic, economic, and psychological impact of SSI following pancreatoduodenectomy, the epidemic incidence of this complication must be reduced. The additional crippling effect of refusing (Medicare) payment for any patient who receives a SSI in the United States has launched all techniques and analyses that can potentially reduce this complication into the National health care agenda. In Canada, health care utilization and economics are always a relevant and ever expanding area of importance. It is crucial that the investigators reduce complications such as SSI, regardless of individual payer sources.

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which bacterial growth in the nostrils by S. aureus, a common bacteria that is found in hospital environment, can be reduced by NOZIN® Nasal Sanitizer® antiseptic nasal swabs during the course of a typical 10-hour work period in participants known to have S. aureus in their nose passages.

The development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine strategy would probably be the best solution for the ultimate control of the worldwide AIDS pandemic. Heterologous prime-boost immunisations are today considered promising HIV prophylactic vaccine strategies. It is thus relevant to pursue the development of different candidate vaccines in prime-boost vaccine strategies to identify the most promising prime-boost combinations and to integrate scientific inquiry into trial protocols from the beginning to maximize learning opportunities.