Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This study will test the effectiveness of a program aimed at reducing behaviors that increase HIV risk among people with severe mental illnesses.

This pilot study in our medical intensive care unit will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an active surveillance program for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), compared to routine daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated cloths. Outcomes include rate of MRSA acquisition, and of other hospital-acquired infections (e.g., catheter-associated bloodstream infections).

This study is being conducted to investigate the potential benefits of using a special type of fluid that can be applied to the skin (Integuseal) in addition to standard surgical skin preparation in patients undergoing total hip replacement (THA) or total knee replacement (TKA). Integuseal is supposed to lock down the skin bacteria and reduce skin infection and other problems. This study will investigate whether Integuseal is effective in reducing persistent wound drainage when used in addition to standard surgical skin preparation for total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee replacement (TKA).

The purpose of this study is to determine if 30-day survival will be improved with addition of prednisone to standard tuberculosis (TB) therapy.

This study tested whether taking a pill of tenofovir and emtricitabine (two antiretroviral medicines) was safe for sexually-active young adults in Botswana without HIV infection and whether it reduced their risk of getting an HIV infection.

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) has been clearly established as the central cause of cervical cancer. Vaccination of pre-teens and adolescents, ideally before sexual debut and thus before exposure to oncogenic HPV, is a rational strategy for prevention of cervical cancer, and so HPV vaccination could complement the existing pre-adolescent/adolescent vaccination programs. Therefore, this Phase IIIb study is designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of co-administering a commercially available vaccine with GSK Biologicals' HPV-16/18 L1 AS04 (Cervarix ®) vaccine as compared to the administration of either vaccine alone. This Protocol Posting has been updated in order to comply with the FDA AA, Sept 2007.

All marketed influenza vaccines are injected by the intramuscular route. This study will test whether an influenza vaccine is effective when injected by other route than into the muscle. In order to prove this, the amount of antibodies in the blood will be measured before and after vaccination. In addition, the safety of both influenza vaccines will be tested by evaluating all serious reactions occurring after vaccination. The vaccine injected in this study is similar to the sponsor's marketed intramuscular influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip). Primary Objective: To demonstrate and compare the immune response of two dosages of influenza vaccine administered by an alternate route to the intramuscular administration of the vaccine. Secondary Objectives: To compare the immune response 21 days after vaccination between each investigational group versus intramuscular group for each influenza strain. To describe the safety profile after the vaccination in each study group To describe the compliance of the two dosages of the vaccine administered by the alternate route with the European Medicine Agency. Observational Objectives: To describe the safety profile during the 21-day period following an intramuscular revaccination in each group and the possibility of any reaction at the first injection site. To describe the pain at the injection site with a Visual Analog Scale and the acceptability of the injection using a questionnaire in each group. To describe the leakage appearing at the injection site immediately after the alternate route injection and to explore the relationship with immunogenicity. To evaluate the cellular mediated immune response in a subset of subjects.

This is a multicentre study in which women were planned to receive either the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV) vaccine or control. Under Protocol Amendment 3, study participation will last approximately 48 months and involves a total of eleven scheduled visits. Under Protocol Amendment 4, study participation will last up to 84 months and involves a maximum of seventeen scheduled visits.

Study Phase: IV Study Type: Open-label, multicenter, randomised clinical trial with two arms stratified for an intensified immunosuppressive regimen in patients at high risk for acute rejection. Study Description: 148 kidney transplant recipients at risk for CMV disease were randomized and treated with ganciclovir capsules for 3 months (Group A, prophylaxis, N=74) or received ganciclovir IV only in case of proven CMV viral load (Group B, preemptive therapy, N=74). Initially, a 2 months follow up was planned in this trial. However, the study group decided to offer a longterm follow up to all patients and amended the protocol, respectively. The aim of the study was to identify the most efficacious way to prevent renal transplant recipients from CMV disease and to find out, if one of these two strategies may increase graft or patient survival. Therefore, both wellknown approaches of CMV prevention were compared in two study groups: Prophylaxis (Group A): Oral primary prophylaxis with ganciclovir capsules was started directly after transplantation and performed until day 90. In case of CMV infection (proven CMV viral load) or symptomatic CMV disease, treatment with ganciclovir IV was initiated. Preemptive Therapy (Group B): No oral primary prophylaxis was given. Treatment with ganciclovir IV was given to patients with proven CMV viral load (CMV infection or CMV disease) only.

A significant number of HIV infected patients in Africa also have disseminated tuberculosis (infection throughout multiple organs). This type of tuberculosis is a significant cause of mortality in these patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a vaccine designed to prevent disseminated tuberculosis.