Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with placebo in the prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) events and VTE-related death post-hospital discharge in high-risk, medically ill patients.

Bionecteur® is a protective non-touch applicator to ensure aseptic connection made by Vygon. However, there are no studies describing a positive effect of using Bionecteurs ® in regard to catheter-related bloodstream infections. In this study Bionecteur® will be used on central venous lines and arterial lines in postoperative patients of a 40-bed ICU. The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections will we compared to patients without inclusion of Bionecteur® devices.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) constitute an important medical and socioeconomic problem worldwide. Despite the fact that the risk factors for SSIs were identified and the continuously increasing medical knowledge in the fields of tissue engineering, molecular biology and microbiology facilitated the development of numerous new recommendations and methods for management, in many cases the available options for successful treatment of post-operative wound infections remain limited. Non-treated or inappropriately treated SSIs often lead to necrosis of the surrounding tissues, wound dehiscence, formation of fistulas, or become sites of origin for systemic infections. Patients are exposed to risk of further complications and hospitalization time extends resulting in increased total treatment costs. Treatment prolongation affects also the quality of life and psychosocial functioning of patients with impaired wound healing. Considering the arguments above, appropriate prevention and management of infected post-surgical wounds is currently one of the priorities for the majority of invasive medical disciplines. Obstetrics constitute a field of medicine in which the issues associated with wound healing are particularly relevant. According to the literature data wound infections occur in approximately 1.8-11.3% of women undergoing caesarean section. Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC) is a fatty acid derivative that irreversibly binds microorganisms to the dressing fibres as a result of hydrophobic interaction. As the mechanism of DACC action is solely physical no chemical agents are released into the wound bed and the dressing could be safely used by women during puerperal period. The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to compare the effect of DACC impregnated dressing and standard surgical dressing in the prevention of SSIs in adult women following caesarean section. This study will also evaluate pre-, peri- and postoperative risk factors of SSIs and analyze health economics of DACC impregnated dressings for prevention of post-cesarean wound infections.

The study will involve administering a single dose of investigational drug or placebo in ascending dose cohorts. This study is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of investigational drug as well as the efficacy of investigational drug versus placebo in adults with primary (first episode) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

The purpose of this study is to determine whether FVH1, a DNA-based influenza vaccine, will be safe and generally well tolerated in healthy elderly adult volunteers and will result in greater immunogenicity when used to prime the immune response to a dose of a trivalent inactivated seasonal vaccine.

This is a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the safety and efficacy of a silicone elastomer vaginal matrix ring.

This study is designed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine in Japanese participants to support registration of the product in Japan. Primary Objective: To describe the seroconversion rate (percentage of subjects with at least a 4-fold increase of their Vi antibody titer) between Day 0 before vaccination and Day 28 after vaccination with typhoid Vi polysaccharide (SP093) vaccine in subjects aged 2 years and above. Secondary Objectives: To describe the safety profile of a single dose of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine up to 28 days after vaccination, in subjects aged 2 years and above. To describe the immune response following a single dose of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine in subjects aged 2 years and above.

Catheter related infection is the third cause of nosocomial infection in ICUs. Most of them are avoidable and can be prevent by improving aseptic practices during catheter insertion and maintenance. Indeed, the main route of catheter contamination for short-term catheters is the insertion site. Consequently, the quality of skin disinfection is the most effective preventive measure to reduce the incidence of these infections. This aim of the present study is to compare four strategies of skin disinfection to determine whether a 2% alcoholic solution of chlorhexidine acts better than 5% alcoholic povidone iodine in reducing catheter infection and to assess whether a detersion phase prior to disinfection reduces catheter colonization as compared with no detersion.

People who present repeatedly at Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) clinics represent a key population for HIV prevention intervention research. Despite their heightened risk there is an absence of empirical research on strategies to intervene with repeat STI. Some STI-clinic based behavioral HIV prevention studies, focusing on the general STI patient population, have found that risk reduction interventions can reduce the incidence of a subsequent STI. Studies have shown that expedited treatment for STI patients' partners can reduce subsequent STI and enhancing partner notification can reduce risk for repeat infection. Those who go on to experience repeat infections, after they are provided with risk reduction services, are the focus of this project. Repeat STI literature noted, there have been no intervention studies conducted to lower STI/HIV risk specifically among people who are presenting with repeat STI. The proposed study develops a risk reduction intervention designed for STI repeaters and evaluates the efficacy of this intervention and its cost-effectiveness. The investigators expect that the intervention for STI repeaters will be significantly more effective than standard care with regard to reducing participants' STI/HIV risks. However, even a highly-effective intervention is unlikely to be adopted if the outcomes come at a high cost. Administrators need to know how effective a "new" intervention is, but also if it is more cost-effective than the program it replaces. Cost-effectiveness information also is critical to justify the "new" intervention to prevention funders (Milwaukee Department of Health), who are concerned not only with costs and effects, but also with the tradeoff between them. The proposed study will provide the comprehensive level of information about intervention effects and cost-effectiveness required by administrators and resource allocation decision makers to determine whether or not to fund or implement the intervention. Hypothesis 1. The investigators expect a greater reduction in unprotected vaginal and anal intercourse in the prevention case management compared to the standard care condition. Hypothesis 2. The hypothesis that the case management group will have a lower STI re-infection rate compared to the standard care group will be tested using each participant's repeat STI status over the 12 month FU period.

This trial will comprehensively evaluate the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in cancer survivors between 9 and 26 years of age by (1) determining the prevalence of HPV vaccine initiation among young cancer survivors, and (2) determining the immune response to and safety/tolerability of the quadrivalent and nonavalent HPV vaccine in young cancer survivors.