Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This is a randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of rapid, near point-of-care testing for multiple common respiratory viruses and bacteria on antibiotic and anti-influenza medication use in emergency department (ED) patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) and/or upper respiratory infection (URI).

The DREAMM project is investigating whether the DREAMM interventions (1) Health system strengthening, 2) Co-designed education programs tailored to frontline healthcare workers, 3) Implementation of a diagnostic and treatment algorithm and, 4) Communities of practice in infectious diseases and laboratory capacity building) when combined reduce two week all-cause mortality of HIV-associated meningo-encephalitis in African LMICs.

This is a randomized controlled trial of a human-derived human milk fortifier (H2MF) vs standard bovine-derived human milk fortifier (HMF) evaluating fecal microbiota and fecal and urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress in premature infants.

This was a single-center study using induced blood stage malaria infection to characterize the activity of ACT-451840 against early Plasmodium falciparum blood stage infection

The existing diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge model is already suitable for dietary interventions in its current form, targeted to impact on the immediate clinical symptoms upon E. coli infection. In order to make the model also suitable for dietary interventions that are aimed at support of the protective response against reinfection, the immune response triggered by the primary infection should be suboptimal. The MIRRE pilot study is set up to determine how much the primary inoculation dose of diarrheagenic E. coli should be lowered in order to result in a reduced protective response upon a secondary infection.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection is a major cause of death and disability globally with a disproportionately high burden in settings of disadvantage worldwide. Acute infections due to GAS range from very common superficial skin infections (>150 million prevalent cases) and pharyngitis (over 600 million incident cases) to life-threatening invasive disease (>600,000 incident cases) such as necrotising fasciitis. Post-infectious GAS sequelae of GAS include acute rheumatic fever (ARF, ~500,000 incident cases) leading to rheumatic heart disease (RHD, ~34 million prevalent cases), and acute glomerulonephritis. The health services impact of GAS disease in all its forms is immense and strikes at every level from primary to intensive care. Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) have a long history of critical contributions to vaccine development. Data from CHIMs meeting modern scientific, regulatory, and ethical standards, are aiding efforts to control over 25 major human pathogens, including bacteria (e.g. pneumococcus, cholera), viruses (e.g. respiratory syncytial virus, influenza), and parasites (e.g. malaria, schistosomiasis). A reliable and safe controlled human infection model of GAS pharyngitis will be an important part of the global vaccine development effort. To build the model, the investigators are undertaking a dose-ranging study using an observational, dose-escalation, inpatient trial to determine the dose of GAS administered by direct oropharyngeal inoculation (bacteria 'painted' onto throat) required to reliably produce a pharyngitis attack rate of ≥ 60% in carefully screened healthy adult volunteers.

The overarching aim of this research project is to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. This study aims to investigate if photodynamic therapy has an effect on bacterial skin colonization and decrease number of colonizing bacteria associated with sebaceous and sweat glands in order to improve skin antisepsis strategies for the prevention of surgical site infections.

The AELIX-002 trial has been conducted on a cohort of individuals who started cART within the first 6 months after the primary VIH infection, thus increasing the likelihood of observing a certain rate of post-treatment controls (PTC), regardless of treatment efficacy. Although the kinetics of HIV rebound should allow observing differences between placebo and control regarding the post treatment controls rate in case of efficacy of the IMPs, assessing the length and determinants of a post-intervention control (PIC) (i.e., associated with vaccination) beyond 24 weeks is crucial for developing a curative approach to HIV infection. In this regard, an extension of the ATI phase for those individuals with pVL less than 2,000 copies/mL after 24 weeks of ATI in the AELIX-002 offers an unique research opportunity to better understand relevant aspects of the mechanisms involved in the different phenotypes of a PIC and PTC.

People living with HIV (PLWH) often have poor sleep, which may put them at a higher risk for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease. One of the mechanisms by which this may occur is via chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Adenosine plays an important role in sleep homeostasis, with levels increasing in the CSF in response to sleep deprivation and falling with sleep. Peripherally, adenosine, via its signaling pathway, plays an important role in immunoregulation by suppressing the inflammatory response. PLWH, even on antiretroviral therapy, have suppressed peripheral adenosine levels which are predictive of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The hypothesis underlying this study is that acute sleep deprivation in PLWH does not result in a compensatory increase in extracellular adenosine and its signaling peripherally, and this failure to appropriately compensate, leads to an increase in systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.

The aim of this study is to assess patient's quality of life 5 to 10 years after a severe bacterial infection with hospitalization in a intensive unit care. The population is derived from the DIABACT III study. The investigators will include every patient still alive. To evaluate our question, patients and their parents will answer quality of life questionnaires. The investigators will also have telephone interviews with the parents to know somatic and psychological effects on their child. The investigators will see if quality of life and sequelae differ depending on various studied factors.