Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Patients becoming infected during hospitalization occurs frequently and causes harm. It is important for healthcare facilities to take action to prevent these infections and their spread between patients. Despite the presumption of a "sterile" environment, one place where spread of infection is known to happen is in the operating room. This occurs as a result of frequent interaction among healthcare providers, the patient and the environment of the room. Hand washing is an important component of preventing the spread of infections. Scientific evidence has shown that making it easier for people to wash their hands can have two important impacts: (1) reduction of environmental bacterial contamination and (2) reduction in spread of bacterial pathogens. OR PathTrac is new technology that allows tracking of bacterial spread. While data exists about bacterial contamination and transmission in the adult operating room, there is very minimal data about this in the pediatric operating room. Primary aim: To use OR PathTrac to evaluate the effect of a personal hand washing device in reducing operating room exposure to bacterial pathogens in pediatric patients. We hypothesize that this hand washing system will decrease exposure to pathologic bacteria in the pediatric operating room. Secondary aim: To gain knowledge about baseline bacterial contamination and transmission in pediatric operating rooms. We will answer this question by comparing bacterial cultures taken from operating rooms whose personnel are trained to use the hand washing device to operating rooms who are not trained to use the device.

The overarching aim of this research project is to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. This study aims to investigate if PDT has an effect on bacterial skin colonization in order to improve skin antisepsis strategies for the prevention of surgical site infections.

The aim is to deliver an intervention to promote nurse leadership and decision-making in the hospital setting, by providing them with training for maintaining minimum service delivery standards for hospital infection control with respect to COVID-19; but also other infectious disease burden management.

The purpose of this Phase I controlled human infection model (CHIM) study was to determine if oral administration of a good manufacturing practice (GMP) supply of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (ABO809) to healthy volunteers resulted in a Cryptosporidium infection and diarrheal illness. The study measured fecal oocysts (parasitological endpoint) as well as diarrhea and associated signs and symptoms (clinical endpoint).

The virological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is pivotal for the control of the outbreak by large screening of a- or pauci-symptomatic subjects. Despite nasopharyngeal swabbing tested by RT-PCR is considered as the gold standard, new strategies based on self-samples are considered as valuable alternatives because of their non-invasiveness and ability to be performed in the absence healthcare worker, especially when the subject is asymptomatic and needs to be tested repetitively. The aim of the present project is to evaluate two strategies both based on self-samples: (i) a saliva sample combined to an anterior nare self-swabbing tested by antigenic test versus (ii) a saliva sample tested by RT-PCR. The comparison will be performed during a mass screening of the population of the city of Saint-Etienne (170000 inhabitants), France. The sensitivity of the rapid antigenic test will be evaluated in comparison to that of RT-PCR considered as gold standard.

The overall aim of this study is to compare the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions adherent with prescribing guidelines delivered by mobile phone application (app) versus paper-based prescribing guidelines in both in- and outpatients in six hospitals in Laos. This is an open cohort stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial 3-step trial (4-month intervals at each step) with a 4-month pre-intervention period). The study conducts in six hospitals across Laos. This is 16 months-study. The intervention is a MicroGuide antimicrobial prescribing guideline mobile phone application and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) training; whilst the reference is paper-based antimicrobial prescribing guidelines. The main outcome of interest is the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions adherent with prescribing guidelines delivered by app-based versus paper-based prescribing guidelines at month 16 (12 months' exposure in each group). Outcome measurements are Point prevalence surveys (PPS) of hospital antimicrobial use, prescriber questionnaires and AMS knowledge survey of the prescribers. Simple random sampling will be used to select the order (step) of interventions implementation for a group of hospitals (two hospitals per group and one group per step). Neither hospitals nor investigators are blinded to the timing of intervention. Open Data Kit (ODK) system will be used as data collection instrument. All data will be kept securely, protected by password access with automatic daily backup. A logistic mixed-effects regression model will be used to compare the proportion of antimicrobial prescription adherence measured cross-sectionally at month 0, 4, 8, 12 and month 16 after introduction of prescribing guidelines delivered by mobile phone application versus paper-based. This study was approved by University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR and Oxford Tropical Ethics Committee (OxTREC), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

COVID-19 is respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus which has spread rapidly across the world with over 149.9 million laboratory confirmed cases and over 3.1 million reported deaths since December 2019. Approximately 4-8% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have co-infection with bacterial pathogens however there is widespread and often broad-spectrum antibiotic use in these patients. This is a prospective, multi-center, non-inferiority pragmatic clinical trial of antimicrobial stewardship prospective audit and feedback versus no antimicrobial stewardship intervention on physicians attending to patients with proven SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by nucleic acid testing in the preceding 2 weeks of hospitalization for acute COVID-19 pneumonia. Prospective audit and feedback is the real time review of antibacterial prescriptions and immediate feedback to prescribers to optimize antimicrobial prescriptions. Hospital beds will be stratified by COVID unit and critical care unit beds, and will be computer randomized in a 1:1 fashion into 2 arms (antimicrobial stewardship intervention versus no antimicrobial stewardship intervention) prior to study commencement at the participating site. Patients hospitalized to study-eligible beds will be followed for primary and secondary outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention (prospective audit and feedback) on clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19.

The approach we will use is to employ measurement of the activation of white blood cells, to look at patterns of responses during a controlled infection of the gut with Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis can be conveniently obtained in a safe and pure form as an oral vaccine. By giving three challenges of M bovis to the gut, we will simulate repeated gut infections with this organism. We can then compare the activation of cells in the blood to the immune responses seen after each challenge, to determine whether the non-specific defences of the gut can block each subsequent infection.

Adolescent subjects hospitalized for the treatment of bacterial infections will be given 1 gram of dalbavancin through their veins and levels of dalbavancin in blood and urine will be measured at different time points. Safety labs will also be checked on a regular basis to assess the safety of dalbavancin.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics (how drugs are absorbed in the body, how they are distributed within the body and how they are removed from the body over time) of ceftobiprole after a single 250-mg intravenous (IV) infusion (given directly into the vein) for 2 hours, before and after dialysis to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis or healthy volunteers.