Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a short training program for general practitioners in patient-centered communication to reduce antibiotic prescription for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI).

Study topic：A comparative effectiveness research on Jinyebaidu granule in treating patients with acute upper respiratory infection: A double blind, double dummy, randomized, controlled trial. It is a post-marketing clinical study to evaluate effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness on Jinyebaidu granule in treating acute upper respiratory infection. Objectives of Study：This study aims to evaluate effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness on Jinyebaidu granule in treating patients with acute upper respiratory infection. Study design：multi-center double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled trial

Acute viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of hospitalization in the pediatric population. The usual presentation of viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) includes fever, malaise, wheezing and or coughing, rhinorrhea and loss of appetite. Up to 50% of children will have at least one viral-induced wheezing illness by school age. Currently treatment of VRTI is essentially supportive and no specific and efficient treatments are known. Given the lack of effective medications, current treatment for severe viral lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants relies on supportive measures only. These measures include supplementation of oxygen, monitoring of apnea, nasal/gastric tube feeding or intravenous fluids, and, if required, respiratory support with nasal bi-level positive-airway pressure. VTRI therefore represent an important unmet need for improved treatment strategies. Acupuncture's effect on has also been studied. Acupuncture has been shown to be a safe and effective in various respiratory tract inflammations. A review published in 2011 have found that acupuncture is safe for pediatric patients. Acupuncture's effect on acute viral induced wheezing and cough in hospitalized children has yet to be studied. Since the current standard of care is supportive care only, using acupuncture as an additional treatment may provide benefit in reducing wheezing, respiratory distress, and shorten hospitalization.

The investigators will performed a large-scale multi center trial to compare the efficacy of a high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with that of standard therapies in treatment-naive (n = 300) patients with Hp infection. Consecutive symptomatic patients will be recruited in Israel and Spain when tested positive to Hp with serology and 13C urea breath test (13C-UBT) due to symptoms. Patients with gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma, and younger than 18 or older than 80 years old will be excluded. All patients will be naive to eradication therapy and will be randomized into one of three groups: Group 1: Nexium 40 mg and amoxicillin 1.5 gr twice daily for 14 days Group 2: Nexium 40 mg and doxycycline 200 mg twice a day Group 3: Triple therapy of Nexium 20 mg, clarythromycin 500 mg, and amoxicillin 1gr twice a day for 10 days (regular accepted treatment). All treatments will be stopped for a month and then 13CUBT will be repeated. The primary aim of the study is to assess eradication success, intentioned to treat and per protocol in the three treatment regimens. The secondary aim of the study is to assess the safety of high dose amoxicillin and doxycycline.

This study aims to document early changes in the distal gut microbiota (both fecal and mucosa-associated) post FMT. Furthermore, whole blood and urine samples will facilitate collaborative immunologic and metabolomic analyses. This will be an open label clinical trial of FMT to prevent further recurrence in patients who have suffered at least a third episode of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and who have previously been treated with oral vancomycin.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), the most common infection in pregnancy,are associated with several maternal and fetal complications, including maternal septic shock, preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction and intrauterine fetal death. Thus, the prevention of UTIs in pregnancy is a very important goal. Several studies have suggested that alterations in the vaginal flora were associated with recurrent UTIs, and probiotic administrations may have a role in preventing those infections. Nevertheless, this has never been tested in pregnant women.

Implantable venous access port infections are mainly due to coagulase negative staphylococci and may be managed by antibiotic lock therapy with retention of the port. Most of the time a vancomycin lock is used. Experimental data show that vancomycin may be poorly effective in eradicating the staphylococcal biofilm in the port. Another disadvantage of Vancomycin-containing lock solution is the occurrence of resistant organisms and the risk of catheter occlusion. Ethanol-containing lock solution is highly effective in vitro and does not expose to the risk of emergence resistance.

Drug resistance of G+ cocci is a severe healthcare problem. According to the Ministry of Health National Antimicrobial Resistant Investigation Net (mohnarin) surveillance report, the isolation rate of MRSA is some 60% in China. MRSA infection has become a serious clinical problem; Vancomycin is a bactericidal glycopeptide antibiotic which inhibits bacterial growth by hindering the synthesis of cell wall in bacteria. It exerts strong antibiotic effect to Gram+ bacteria. It is indicated for serious staphylococcus infections especially MRSA infection and has become the gold standard agent in MRSA treatment; Vancomycin is a time-dependent antibiotic, its clinical and microbiological efficacy is related to area under curve（ AUC）/minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC ）(AUIC). Cmin at steady state is an surrogate parameter of AUIC, which is closely associated to the efficacy; AUIC >400 and Cmin between 15~20 mg/L are recommended for effective vancomycin treatment by Infectious Diseases Society of America （IDSA） although it is still disputable; Due to the absence of PK/PD study on vancomycin in China, administration of vancomycin is performed in reference to the recommendation of IDSA. Its suitability to Chinese patients is still to be clarified; Plasma concentrations of vancomycin vary significantly between population and individuals. Factors such as large-volume fluid infusion, hypoproteinemia and renal clearance, etc. will influence the distribution and excretion of vancomycin, resulting in different plasma concentrations between individuals. Results of PK studies differ greatly between China and abroad. Administration based on the AUIC or Cmin recommended by IDSA would not be suitable to Chinese patients. Given the definite long-term benefit of vancomycin treatment, the AUIC or Cmin suitable to Chinese patients must be identified by clinical study. The PK/PD study on vancomycin in the treatment to MRSA septicemia and endocarditis is of great significance for more reasonable use and improved therapeutic efficacy of MRSA infection.

This Registry will enroll adolescent and pediatric participants who received at least one Gilead Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) direct acting antiviral (DAA) while participating in a Gilead-sponsored chronic hepatitis C clinical trial. The primary objective of this Registry is to determine the long-term safety of anti-HCV regimens in the pediatric population. Secondary objectives of this Registry are to determine whether subsequent detection of HCV RNA in participants who relapse following sustained virologic response (SVR) represents the re-emergence of pre-existing virus, the development of resistance mutations, or whether it is due to re-infection, and to characterize resistance mutations and the persistence of resistance mutations in pediatric participants who did not achieve SVR. Once enrolled, participants will be followed for up to 5 years.

The investigators aim to assess the effectiveness of a 7-day compared with a 10-day course of antibiotic treatment for febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It is formulated a hypothesis that a 7-day course of antibiotic therapy is equally effective as a 10-day course of therapy and would entail a lower risk of adverse events and better compliance.