Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Well-child care is the primary source of preventative health care for children. These visits provide an opportunity for physicians to assess an infant's biomedical health, development, and behavior, as well as help ensure timely immunizations, reduce the use of acute care services, and assess and family functioning. Yet, disparities in the utilization of pediatric care exist by race, ethnicity and income in the U.S., even despite high rates of overall access to primary care. Incentives have been proposed as one way to increase utilization of preventative care for mothers and children. Diapering is another important form of preventative health care that can be particularly difficult for low-income parents due the cost of diapers, which is $70-80 per child per month, or approximately $960 per year, on average. And government programs, such as Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), either cannot be used to purchase diapers, or do not provide enough assistance to cover the cost of diapers and other basic needs. A family's inability to provide an adequate supply of diapers for their child is called diaper need. Nationwide, one in three families with young children report experiencing diaper need, which was found to be significantly associated with maternal stress and depression, which in turn, can have a detrimental impact on a family's health and economic success. The primary goal of this study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial of a diaper provision intervention designed to increase utilization of, and adherence to, well-child visits and reduce diaper need among low-resourced families in New Haven, CT.

This study aims to asses whether the rate of surgical wound infections in vascular surgery procedures involving exposure of the proximal femoral artery can be reduced using a different skin closure technique.

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 13C-Urea breath test between using the citric acid as test meal and controlled group by endoscopic biopsy methods(histology, CLOtest and H. pylori culture). To compare the delta value of 13CO2 results between before and after ingestion of citric acid as test meal.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and interest of a HIV quarterly preventive global care for men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa to help reducing HIV incidence in this key population, their female partners, and the general population. This interventional, open label, multicenter, multidisciplinary cohort study will be conducted in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Mali and Togo. All participants will receive a HIV quarterly preventive global care including: i) data collection on health status, symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and sexual behavior, ii) a clinical examination, iii) STI diagnosis and treatment, iv) counselling adapted for MSM, and v) the provision of condoms and lubricants.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) is one of the most common complications of upper abdominal surgery. Previous studies found that type of surgical incision, emergency operation or not, surgical duration, age of patient, body mass index, malignance duration, malnutrition, complications (diabetes, shock, anemia et al) and drug (Long-term use of corticosteroids) are closely associated with the incidence of SSIs. The general incidence rate of SSIs was about 5% to 40%, although using the preoperative skin disinfectant and other methods to prevent and reduce the SSIs. And for the gastrointestinal surgery, due to the potential risk of infection, SSIs is an important problem which cannot be ignored. On the other hand, gastric cancer is one of the most common digestive system tumors, and gastrectomy is the primary therapeutic options. Therefore, it is important to compare the whether the different liquid (1% povidone-iodine solution or the 0.9% normal saline) wash the incision can influent the incidence of the SSIs.

There is a growing body of data suggesting that vitamin D modulates the host's immune response to acute respiratory infection (ARI). The primary aim of this study is to determine whether maternal vitamin D3 supplementation versus placebo decreases the incidence rate of microbiologically confirmed viral-associated ARI among infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Secondary outcomes include: A) incidence of ARI associated with specific major pathogens, B) incidence of clinical ARI (without the need for positive microbiology), and C) quantitative density of pneumococcal carriage. Infants will be followed from birth until 6 months of life. Among infants who meet at least one of the specific case definitions for ARI (see 'Detailed Description' section), nasal swab specimens will be collected. Respiratory samples will be analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to identify a 7-virus panel (influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza types 1, 2, and 3) plus quantitative density of S. pneumonia.

Surgical site infections are a major postoperative complication and are mostly due to colonization with endogenous germs, like Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis or Propionibacterium acnes. In literature, preoperative decolonization procedures showed a trend in lowering surgical site infection rates, but especially in orthopedic surgery data is controversial and randomized controlled trials are lacking. In the main study, the study investigators aim at performing a controlled prospective randomized interventional trial to measure the impact of preoperative decolonization of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriers on surgical site infection rates in orthopedic surgery. In an alongside study a controlled prospective randomized interventional trial to measure the impact of preoperative skin decolonization of patients undergoing an orthopedic procedure will be conducted.

Healthcare-acquired infections (HAI) cause substantial patient morbidity and mortality. Commonly touched items in the patient care environment harbor microorganisms that may contribute to HAI risk. The purpose of this study is to assess whether placement of copper-alloy surfaced objects in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) reduce risk of HAI in comparison with non-copper surfaced objects.

Traditionally, H pylori infection has been treated with conventional triple therapy. This includes amoxicillin, clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor all given daily for 10-14 days. In Europe, the guidelines now advocate treatment of H pylori with sequential therapy which is 5 days of amoxicillin therapy with proton pump inhibitor followed by 5 days of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and proton pump inhibitor with better response rates. We hypothesize that H. pylori resistance pattern and treatment response rates observed in Europe will not be predictive of resistance patterns and response rates in the United States.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) could be used to treat Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI).