Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Infections are common causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric cancer patients. Today, there are limited data on the incidence, distribution of specific infections, causative agents and risk factors for severe infections in this population. Moreover, little data exist on the epidemiology of infections among pediatric patients with solid tumors. The objectives of the present study are to define the incidence, categories of infections by organ systems, etiologic agents and risk factors for infections in different pediatric malignancies. The results of this study will help the investigators to better understand the epidemiology of infections in the different types of pediatric malignancies, enable the investigators to identify high risk patients, and design a better approach to empiric treatment of these patients. A prospective, multi-center study, conducted in 5 pediatric hematology-oncology units across Israel (Rambam Medical Center, Haemek Medical Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Hadassah Medical Center, Soroka Medical Center). All children aged 0-18 years of age, newly diagnosed with cancer and admitted to day care or inpatient departments with fever of >38.0 C will be included in the study. Demographic, clinical and microbiological figures will be collected in each center by a research assistant supervised by the infectious disease specialist. Data will be collected according to a pre-defined Patient Data Form and entered into an electronic data base that will be analyzed accordingly. In each event of febrile episode during chemotherapy, the following data will be collected by a research assistant using a patient data form and computerized software: Demographic data: age, gender, ethnicity. Clinical data: Underlying disease, immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, presence of central venous catheter, intensity of chemotherapy, duration of fever, duration and severity of neutropenia, diagnosis of present event. Imaging data Microbiological data Outcome The statistical analysis will be performed by an epidemiologist and statistician using the SPSS 12.0 software.

The purpose of this study is to study the prevalence of EBV, HCMV, HHV-6 in saliva and on the toothbrush patient with periodontitis.

Current standard of practice in study institution dictates day of surgery urinary catheter removal in general thoracic surgery patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia. The investigators hypothesize that this practice results in low recatheterization rates secondary to urinary retention and low urinary tract infection rates.

The immune response to Helicobacter pylori (Hp) importantly determines the pathogenesis of infection as well as the success of antibiotic eradication of the bacteria. The investigators want to demonstrate the importance of cathepsin X (CTSX), a cysteine protease, for the Hp eradication success. The diversity of the innate immune response to H. pylori antigens leading to either successful eradication of the infection or maintenance of chronic inflammation is connected to CTSX. The aim of this study is to determine whether H. pylori suppresses the CTSX expression and cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line THP-1 in the individuals that are not capable of eradicating the infection, opposite to H pylori in patients with successful H pylori eradication . The investigators also investigate the possibility whether strain-dependent differences in H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) influence the CTSX expression and cytokine secretion.

We aim to study if pathological NETs formation could be the underlying pathology among patients with recurrent infections and a normal screening of the immune system.

The objectives of the study were: To study risk factors for colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria among patients with severe IAI before and after antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. To study species changes in the rectal flora among patients with severe IAI before and after antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. To review guidelines for antibiotic use in participating units. To evaluate surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment in relation to risk for colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria among patients with severe IAI To use the results from the study in the process of a more appropriate use of antibiotics in participating units and care of patients with severe IAI. To study the dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing and wild-type Enterobacteriaceae in patients with suspected severe intra abdominal infections before, during and after antibiotic treatment.

To determine if daily bathing with chlorhexidine impregnated washcloths will reduce the incidence of MRSA and VRE within an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or ward setting.

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate how early biomarkers of infection and inflammation perform in identifying patients at risk for poor outcome in sepsis and septic shock.

The investigators believe that there is an association between H. pylori infection and nutritional status and between H. pylori infection and cognitive development. The current study will examine this association in Israeli children, aged 6-12 years.

Lung transplantation (LTx) , DNA-based testing. Performance of DNA-based testing of bacterial and fungal pathogens in comparison to standard testing. Experimental intervention: DNA-based testing of BAL fluid.