Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy in preventing HIV infection of the study drugs, lenacapavir (LEN) and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF), in adolescent girls and young women.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy of a 14-day concomitant therapy for the treatment of Hard-to-treat Helicobacter pylori infection, and whether it is safe while maintaining an ideal eradication rates

Solid organ transplant candidates will undergo serological screening for HHV8 at time of listing and transplantation. In the event of a recipient/donor mismatch R-/D+ or in the presence of a seropositive recipient (R+), blood levels of HHV8 DNA will be monitored together with specific IGRA for HHV8.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infectious diseases with a high mortality rate (6-30%). The treatment of CDI, especially the recurrent form of the disease is still considered a challenge. The FILTRATE randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of fecal filtrate transplantation in the treatment of recurrent CDI and compare it with conventional fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).

Total joint replacement (TJR) is an increasing effective procedure in orthopedics. However, TJR failure due to aseptic or septic loosening remains an important problem, often due to predisposing factors of the patient, which determine the need to perform a revision surgery. In light of the recent conclusions emerged on the still open problems concerning the diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial fluid markers in the diagnosis of peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI), the project aims at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of the combination of serum and/or synovial markers in the diagnosis of PJI. Through a diagnostic clinical study on patients hospitalized for revision surgery the project would provide evidences on the potentiality of the combination of some markers in accelerating the PJI diagnosis for the best selection of surgical strategy, choosing the suitable cutoff thresholds to mitigate the effect of some factors on markers' discriminatory capability.

A bacterial infection of an artificial joint is a serious complication that often requires additional surgery to exchange the arthroplasty. It is also difficult to recognize an infected joint, as the symptoms caused by the infection are very similar to those of other problems with arthroplasties, such as loosening of the implant. To improve the ability to diagnose prosthetic joint infections, this study compares the levels of calprotectin, a specific inflammatory protein, in the joint fluid of infected joints and joints with other complications. The underlying hypothesis is that the level of calprotectin in infected joints is significantly higher, thus facilitating the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.

To improve accurate diagnosis and treatment of common malignant tumors and major infectious diseases in the respiratory system, we aim to establish a large medical database that includes standardized and structured clinical diagnosis and treatment information such as electronic medical records, image features, pathological features, and multi-omics information, and to develop a multi-modal data fusion-based technology system for individualized intelligent pathological diagnosis and therapeutic effect prediction using artificial intelligence technology.

This study aims to optimize the dosing of cefazolin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin for patients on high-flux hemodialysis. For each antibiotic 20 participants will be enrolled and three blood samples will be collected from each participant. Antibiotic levels will be measured in each blood sample. This data will be used to develop population-pharmacokinetic models for each antibiotic. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations will be used to develop evidence-based dosing recommendations.

While pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is widely recommended and a number of pilot studies are on-going worldwide, progress of its implementation in the real world setting has been slow, especially in Asia. This study aims to develop a service model for PrEP delivery and test its operability in the real world setting. In this implementation study, 400 individuals with high sexual risk of HIV infection who fulfil eligibility criteria would be recruited. Eligible participants would receive one year of daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300mg / emtricitabine 200mg (TDF/FTC) for free. A client-initiated approach would be adopted, requiring participants to self-arrange for regular HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STI) testing. An online system would be developed to facilitate participants to plan for testing and consultation for accessing PrEP. Questionnaire at baseline and subsequent monthly follow-up would be administered to assess behaviour, monitor adverse effects and drug adherence, the latter coupled with the completion of an online diary. Testing of HIV and creatinine would be performed using point-of-care test or by phlebotomy during clinical visits. Blood samples would be collected for archiving. Around 40 participants would be invited to join an in-depth interview in the later part of the study to evaluate the service model. The main outcome measures are: PrEP service adherence, PrEP drug adherence, prevalence of drug intolerance, prevalence of unprotected sex in the study period, incidence of HIV and STI

Arboviruses, diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of an insect vector, are a major public health problem, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical countries. In New Caledonia, dengue epidemics are recurrent and may be associated with the co-circulation of other arboviruses such as Zika or chikungunya. The virological determinants which condition the occurrence of these epidemics may be linked to an increased vectorial competence of the vector mosquito Aedes aegypti for a particular viral isolate. In fact, the Aedes aegypti mosquito is infected by making a blood meal on a person infected with an arbovirus. The virus infects its digestive tract, then spreads throughout the mosquito's body until it reaches its salivary glands. The virus is then present in the saliva and will be injected into the human host during a new blood meal. Some viral variants are best transmitted by Aedes aegypti. In general, the study of this vectorial competence is carried out by experiments in the laboratory during which an artificial blood meal composed of mammalian blood (human, rabbit, etc.) is mixed with a viral stock. Carrying out deported blood meals during which blood collected from patients infected with an arbovirus is used to gorge mosquitoes makes it possible to place oneself in experimental conditions as close as possible to the natural cycle of transmission of arboviruses. In the human host, cells of the myeloid lineage present in the peripheral blood constitute preferred targets of replication for arboviruses. At the same time, the peripheral blood cells of patients are activated in response to infection and secrete many soluble factors released into the blood of patients. The study of blood samples from patients infected with arboviruses is therefore of prime importance for understanding both the replicative mechanisms of arboviruses but also the immune response they induce.