Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis endemic in the Americas and Brazil. HIV-infected patients are susceptible to disseminated histoplasmosis (HD), AIDS-defining illness. The classic diagnosis requires a fungal culture that takes 4-6 weeks to grow. Brazilian patients are diagnosed by culture or by histopathology and American patients have their diagnosis in 1-2 days, by Histoplasma antigen detection in urine. Amphotericin B treatment Liposomal (L-AmB) is recommended by the American Society for Infectious Diseases and WHO, while the Brazilian AIDS Program does not fund the use of L-AmB, delegating responsibility to the states. As a result, patients with AIDS+HD do not have access to new diagnostic tests or L-AmB, receiving late treatment with AmB-d, which results in increased mortality >45%. The single high dose liposomal amphotericin B treatment study, aims to improve the availability of access to medication, something that has already been demonstrated successfully by our group in a phase II study. This proposal seeks to determine the efficacy and safety of two L-AmB regimens as induction therapy for HD in AIDS patients: 10 mg/kg single dose versus 3 mg/kg for two weeks.

This study aims to test a remotely delivered IOP program ("SmartIOP") for OUD patients who are hospitalized for serious injection-related infections. This will be a pilot trial to assess the feasibility of the IOP program and examine OUD-related outcomes following discharge from the hospital.

This is a Phase 4 blinded, randomized, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Persons of any gender identity will be eligible. Final evaluable population will include a minimum 596 individuals: 298 persons assigned female sex at birth (AFAB) with confirmed urogenital chlamydia (CT) and 298 persons assigned male at birth (AMAB) with confirmed rectal chlamydia (CT). Approximately 664 participants will be enrolled to achieve a minimum 596 participants who contribute primary outcome data. Randomization will be stratified by study site and sex at birth: 332 persons assigned female sex at birth (AFAB) and 332 persons assigned male sex at birth (AMAB). Participants will be randomized 1:1 to a 3-day regimen of doxycycline or a 7-day regimen of doxycycline. The study blind will be maintained by providing 7 days of identical pre-filled blister packs, one with 3 days of active treatment and 4 days of placebo, and the other with 7 days of active treatment. Participants will be asked to return 28 days after randomization (at day 29), at which time they will be re-tested for chlamydia (CT) using a laboratory-based chlamydia (CT) nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT).

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women in reproductive age with an estimated prevalence of 5% to 19.5%. It is a chronic complex syndrome with psychological (depression and anxiety), reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. The etiology seems to be multifactorial. Lately, interest regarding the association between PCOS women and gut macrobiotic have been emerged. Hyperandrogenism was correlated with those changes in the microbiota which reflects the fact that the microbiome can influence the development and pathology of PCOS . Therefore, aim of this study is to explore the diversity and alternations of the vaginal and the gut microbiome in patients with PCOS during common therapeutic interventions and connect them to different phenotypes of the syndrome.

This study is being conducted to investigate how a mother's nutritional status and her gut microbiome during pregnancy contribute to the birth outcomes and health of her baby. The gut microbiome is the totality of microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi) living in the gastrointestinal tract. This study will focus on pregnant women, 24 years and younger living in the Toronto and greater Toronto area. The focus is on younger women due to their vulnerability to undernutrition. Pregnant participants, and upon delivery, their newborns will be followed throughout pregnancy and for a year afterwards. Throughout this period, the investigators will collect stool samples, rectal swabs, blood samples, health assessments, nutritional and dietary assessments and birth/ labour details. The goal is to define the relationship between a mother's nutritional status and her microbiome dynamics during pregnancy and how they contribute to the birth outcomes and growth of her newborn. With the hypothesis that alterations of the microbiota in the maternal gut (dysbiosis) exacerbated by nutritional status or pathogen exposure during pregnancy, impacts weight gain because of impaired nutrient absorption, leading to corresponding negative birth outcomes.

Opportunistic fungal infection is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, with the high mortality and recurrence rate due to the lack of standardized comprehensive diagnosis and treatment strategy. This project aims to combine traditional detection and observation indicators with molecular biology, serology and mass spectrometry identification technology to develop early screening and diagnostic strategies for opportunistic fungal infections in AIDS patients, explore scientific evaluation methods for anti-fungal efficacy and formulate comprehensive strategies for reducing the mortality and recurrence rate.

The researchers collect treatment-naive H.pylori-positive patients from the outpatient clinic. The subjects were randomized to receive a 10-day or 14-day course of Tegoprazan bismuth-containing quadruple eradication therapy at 6 weeks after treatment, subjects underwent another 13C-urea breath test. Calculate the eradication rates, adverse reaction rates, patient compliance and cost-effectiveness index of each group.

A Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) is being developed to provide early proof-of-concept that experimental infection with the intestinal nematode, Trichuris trichiura, is feasible and safe. The proposed model consists of enrolling consenting, healthy, trichuriasis-naïve adults and challenging them with the investigational product, Trichuris trichiura Egg Inoculum, to assess their ability to result in detectable infection. The proposed study will be a feasibility study that will consist of administering different doses of the Trichuris trichiura Egg Inoculum to healthy adult volunteers to determine the optimal dose (i.e., number of T. trichiura eggs) that is safe, well-tolerated and results in consistent infection.

The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether lyophilized fecal microbime transfer - a dried extract of bacteria from the stool of healthy donors - is better than antibiotic therapy only for treating primary clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in adult participants. The main question it aims to answer is whether lyophilized fecal microbiome transfer lowers the number of episodes of CDI compared to antibiotic therapy. Participants will be assigned to one of two groups: In the intervention group participants will be given vancomycin by mouth for five days followed by 5 days of capsules of lyophilized fecal microbiome to swallow, up until day 10. In the control group participants will be given vancomycin by mouth for ten days. All participants will be asked to arrive for two follow-up visits and to fill out questionnaires. In addition, all participants will be asked to give stool samples before antibiotic therapy and on the two follow-up visits. Researchers will compare the intervention group and the control group to see if there is a difference in symptoms degree after ten days and in recurrence of the infection after two months. They will also compare side effects, the total use of antibiotics and the change in the composition of bacteria in the stool, namely the presence of bacteria that are resistant to many drugs.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about exposure levels of rivaroxaban at different doses in patients with prosthetic joint infection combined with the use of rifampicin. Participants will be collected blood samples to determine rivaroxaban plasma concentration. The main question it aims to answer is to predict the dose adjustment of rivaroxaban combined with the use of rifampin.