Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Background: - Tuberculosis (TB) infection is particularly deadly when it happens in people who are also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, not much is known about how these two infections affect each other. Some people who have HIV or TB infections develop health problems after they start taking either HIV or TB medications or both. These drugs can improve the body s ability to fight infections, but sometimes this sudden improvement can make the infected person initially become sicker. Researchers want to study how these infections affect the immune system and the gene expression of people who have TB and may or may not have HIV, to see if there is a pattern of gene expression that may predict whether people starting treatment may get sicker initially. Objectives: - To study the gene expression and immune systems of people with TB who may or may not also have HIV. Eligibility: Adults at least 18 years of age who have tuberculosis. Participants will be drawn from study sites in the United States and China. Design: Participants will be divided into three study groups. The first group will have TB but not HIV. The second group will have both TB and HIV that have not been treated. The third group will have both TB and HIV that are currently being treated. All participants will have a single study visit. Blood samples will be collected at this visit. A medical history will also be collected. No treatment will be provided as part of this study.

IC-GLOSSARI (The Intensive Care GLObal Study on Severe Acute Respiratory Infection) is a multicentre, prospective, observational,14-day inception cohort study designed and conducted by the ESICM Trials Group to investigate the epidemiology and microbiology profiles of ICU-SARI, document commonly used treatment and monitoring strategies, measure current outcomes and identify potential topics for multidisciplinary studies ranging from interventional clinical trials to fundamental mechanisms of disease. The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: What is the frequency and disease burden of SARI for ICU's worldwide? What are the aetiologies of ICU SARI? How are SARI patients diagnosed and managed in the ICU? What is the outcome from SARI in the ICU? Is there a difference in outcomes from SARI depending on the aetiology of the disease? Can we identify high-risk categories of SARI that could constitute a defined population for an interventional study?

In the past 70 years antibiotics have served as the first line of defense against infectious diseases. However, antibiotics are only effective against bacterial infections and are not the solution for infections caused by viruses such as common colds or flu. Despite their contribution to healthcare, antibiotics are currently recognized as the most misused drugs in the world with global overuse estimated at 40%-70%, mostly due to the ineffectiveness of current diagnostic solutions to distinguish between bacterial and viral infections. Antibiotics misuse often causes preventable adverse events that impact patient care and lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, one of the major threats to global health today. To address these challenges, MeMed has been developing the ImmunoDx™, a novel technology that relies on the best available detection system for differentiating between viruses and bacteria - the body's own immune system. The ImmunoDx™ technology employs a simple blood test that provides the physician, within two-hours, the information he needs to decide whether to treat the patient with antibiotics or not. This technology has been tested on over 1000 patients of different ages and diseases and was found to be highly accurate and safe. The current study is a non-interventional study and the participants do not receive any investigational drug nor any experimental examination or procedure. Therefore, the collected data in this study will not affect the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of the participants. Participation includes the collection of a teaspoon of blood and collection of a specimen using a nasal swab. These procedures are common in the clinical practice and are widely performed and possess no significant risk. By participating in the study, the subjects impact the development of the ImmunoDx™ technology, which is expected to enable a future faster and more accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases as well as more appropriate prescription of antibiotics. This will open the way to improve treatment decisions in millions of patients around the world.

The purpose of this study is to learn more about infection by Clostridium difficile (also known as C. difficile). C. difficile is a common bacterium (a germ that may cause disease) that can live in the human gut. Some people have it without having any symptoms. In other people it can cause illness ranging from mild diarrhea to severe colitis (infection of the colon). C. difficile makes toxins that damage the cells that line the colon. The study doctors want to find out how these toxins cause damage to the cells in the colon.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are effective for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, they may be associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Aim: To determine if Lactobacillus GG (LGG) is an effective adjunct to PPI for reducing the risk of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children with GERD. Study design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.

The primary goal of this project is to improve the process for contacting patients that test positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the emergency department by using text messaging. We believe patients that are contacted by both a phone call and a text message will be reached more often and they will be reached sooner than those that only receive a phone call or only a text message. In addition, patients will be given reminder cards at the time of testing to remind them that they will be contacted within 7 days if they test positive. Half of the reminder cards will have a number to call for test results. We believe patients that receive a card with a number are more likely to be contacted within 7 days.

EcN has been registered as a medical drug under the brand name Mutaflor® SUSPENSION in Ukraine in 2010. Indications for its clinical use are acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers including those on tube feeding tube, diarrhea in children, prophylactics of pathological colonization in newborns including premature newborns, and improvement of immunity in newborns (mature and premature). The aim of this trial was to observe efficacy and safety of Mutaflor® SUSPENSION use for immunity improvement in preterm newborn infants

In this study, it is hypothesized that helminth infections modulate immune responses against HIV-1 infection resulting into increased HIV-1 multiplication, faster progression to AIDS and increased episodes of AIDS-related opportunistic infections. Furthermore, the effect of helminth infections on progression of HIV-1 infection is dependent on helminth infection intensity, host background immunity, nutritional status, demographic factors and socio-economic status. Also, treatment of helminth infections using praziquantel and albendazole among HIV-1 infected individuals will lead to reduction in HIV-1 viral loads, improvement of CD4+ counts, CD4+/CD8+ ratio and Hb levels, improved weight gain and reduction of episodes of HIV-1 related opportunistic infections. In addition, HIV-1 infection is associated with poor anthelminthic treatment outcome as compared to non-HIV infected individuals

This study is a prospective trial which will recruit 18 patients in acute HIV-1 infection phase. This study aims to evaluate the effects and side effects of ARV treatment in Chinese patients in acute HIV-1 infection phase, and to evaluate the impact of Triptolide wilfordii on HIV-1 reservoir.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the immune response in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI). The investigation will focus on inflammatory and vasoactive biomarkers as prognostic markers of severity and mortality at admission to Rigshospitalet and the following 3 days