Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to investigate the immune responses associated with Epstein-Barr virus infections, and to find out the possible immunodeficiency that may be linked to severe Epstein-Barr virus infections.

Cirrhotic patients have a high risk of bacterial infection. These infections induce systemic inflammation that can lead to acute liver failure or even acute liver failure associated with multi-visceral failure (Acute-to-Chronic Liver Failure, ACLF) associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality in this population. The most common infections are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and urinary tract infections, followed by pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections and spontaneous bacteremia. In order to cope with the growing risk of resistant bacterial infections, recommendations from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) were issued in 2014 and are followed by physicians treating cirrhotic patients. These recommendations advocate taking into account different parameters regarding the best therapeutic strategy to adopt. The site of the infection, the mode of acquisition or the presence or absence of prophylaxis may modify this therapeutic approach to infections of cirrhotic patients to a greater or lesser extent. However, the ecology of a center varies over time, according to the practices of the hospital center and to the different patients in care. It is recommended to update the antibiotic resistance data in order to propose the best therapeutic strategy for these patients. The study of bacterial resistance in a given care center makes it possible to adapt the recommendations published by EASL in 2014 to the local ecology and to set up protocols of probabilistic antibiotic therapy adapted for a better efficiency. This descriptive cohort study will determine the local ecology of the center. This will enable the center to assess if the recommended antibacterial strategies correspond to the center bacterial ecology.

The specific outcome is to determine whether the colony count of Propionibacterium acnes, one of the commonest causes of shoulder infection and not eradicated by conventional forms of surgical preparatory solutions and antibiotics, in a shoulder surgical wound will be altered by the use of subdermal cefazolin.

Continuous surveillance in 2003-2017 allowed to detect HAIs in patients staying in a 42-bed neurosurgery unit with 6 intensive neurosurgical supervision beds. 10,332 surgical patients were qualified for the study. The study was carried out in the framework of a national surveillance of HAI programme following methodology recommended by Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Intervention in this before-after study (2003-2017) comprised standardised surveillance of HAI with regular analysis and feedback.

The investigators are doing a study on the bacteria that normally live in the vagina and what effect, if any, Depo-Provera has on the bacteria. Women 13-24 years of age, who are HIV negative, being seen in a clinic for birth control or sexually transmitted disease (STD) check-up, or have a child and are planning to receive a Depo-Provera shot for contraception or have declined the use of hormonal contraception may join.

The study has 2 phases: The Retrospective Phase (50 patients were diagnosed to have sepsis according to our definition and criteria and 30 patients as a controlled cases ) The Prospective Phase (600 patients who will be admitted and monitored in ICU in order to get at least 30 sepsis cases, according to our definition and criteria). Measurements will be made from the forehead using the TTP's biocompatible sensor Unit that will be attached to the skin. The SU will transfer data to the MCU.

The purpose of this study is to establish a bacterial epidemiology in patients who present a prosthetic joint infection and for which a surgery is necessary. At the time of the first surgery, as the bacteria responsible for the infection are not known, a probabilistic antibiotherapy is initiated at once after the surgical treatment. The antibiotherapy is then adapted to the bacteria from samples collected during the surgery when they are identified (the delay is 14-21 days). The study will focus on bacteria identified on samples collected during the surgery; the delay between the implantation of the prosthesis and the presentation of symptoms will be considered : more than one year vs. less than one year. Investigators assume that there is not the same type of bacteria involved in those two cases of delays and that the probabilistic antibiotherapy may be not optimal when the symptoms are presented more than one year after implantation of the prosthesis. A probabilistic antibiotherapy not adapted lead to develop resistance for the bacteria and decrease the chance to cure the patient (increasing of relapse). The result of this study will allow medical doctors to have an optimal probabilistic antibiotherapy, depending on the delay between implantation of the prosthesis and the presentation of the symptoms.

Nowadays, the gold standard examinations for diagnosing H. pylori infection are histopathology and culture examination. However, those examinations take long preparation so they are not suitable to be applied in daily practice. In progress, another examination is being developed to detect urease enzyme from tissue biopsy. It is relatively faster in diagnosing H. Pylori infection. Some commercial urease tests which are available in Indonesia are Helicotec® and Pronto Dry®. This study aims to determine the effectivity of Helicotec® in diagnosing H. pylori infection. It is expected to be scientific evidence that can be used as the basis daily routine of urease test in diagnosing H. Pylori infection.

The trial aims to analyse changes in the microbiome of the lower airways after smoking cessation. Microbiome analyses (upper airway swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial brushing) are conducted in smokers before and 6 weeks after smoking cessation. Never smokers serve as a control group and undergo the same sampling procedures once.

During or after antibiotic treatment, antibiotic residues impair the intestinal microbiota (gut flora) and lead to adverse effects such as the emergence of bacterial resistance or the occurrence antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) including antibiotic-induced C. difficile infection (CDI). The spread of resistant Gram-negative bacteria and the increasing number and severity of CDI are considered as worldwide public health threats. Da Volterra is a biotechnology company developing a novel product, DAV132 (a medical device in Europe), intended to prevent these antibiotic adverse effects. Da Volterra is planning to carry out a phase 2-3 randomized controlled trial (RCT) of DAV132 in the prevention of antibiotic-induced CDI. The RCT will involve hospitalized patients aged ≥50 years old and treated with predefined antibiotic classes known to increase the risk of CDI. The incidence of CDI in this population is unknown, yet, incidence is an important determinant for the required sample size. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to assess CDI incidence in patients ≥50 years of age treated with predefined antibiotic classes. In addition, to optimise the target population of the DAV132 RCT, the effect of the predefined antibiotic agents on the intestinal microbiota will be assessed. Furthermore, biomarkers predictive of CDI occurrence might help identify patients at high risk for the disease, which could further optimise the RCT. No validated biomarkers have been described in the literature yet. Assessment of potential biomarkers is another aim of the present study.