Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Palatability testing of a new paediatric formulation of valacyclovir in children 4-12 years of age and at least one of their parents. Children will be included, who received (val)acyclovir prophylaxis in the past, or will probably need it in the future i.e. children with primary immune deficiency or cancer.

Evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single booster dose of NU300, co-administered with Prevnar 13® over a 28 day period following the injection compared to a single booster of ACTHIB co-administered with Prevnar 13® over a 28 day period following the injection. Evaluate the immunogenicity, as determined by anti-PRP polysaccharide response, of a single booster dose of NU300 co-administered with Prevnar 13® compared to a single booster dose of ActHIB® co-administered with Prevnar 13®. Evaluate the individual IgG antibody quantitative response to the 13 antigens in Prevnar 13® following NU300 co-administration with Prevnar 13® compared to the IgG antibody response to the pneumococcal polysaccharides following ActHIB® co-administration with Prevnar 13® 28 days following injection.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the current standard of wound care following vascular operations compared to to a negative pressure wound therapy (vacuum dressing) and the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing surgery to restore blood flow to the lower limb(s). Negative pressure wound therapy consists of a closed, sealed system that produces negative pressure (vacuum) to the wound surface. The device itself consists of open-cell foam that is sealed with an occlusive adhesive dressing (covers and sticks to the incision) and suction is maintained by connecting suction tubes to a vacuum pump and waste collector. The investigators objectives are to determine whether there will be any reduction in surgical site infection and this potential reduction will influence length of hospital stay, emergency room visits, antibiotic use and need for re-operation.

The purpose of this study is to identify and use patient centered outcomes to compare narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum antibiotics for the treatment of common acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children.

Background: Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes for the increase of antibiotic resistance strains. In Denmark general practice accounts for 90% of all prescribed antibiotics and one of the most common reasons for prescribing antibiotics is the suspicion of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The use of point-of-care test is meant to decrease the uncertainty about the bacterial origin of the symptoms; however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the validity of the different diagnostic approaches, thus impacting on the proper use of antibiotics. Objective: To assess the diagnostic validity of different diagnostic approaches in patients with a suspected urinary tract infection and assess the impact on appropriate use of antibiotics. Methods: 70 practices at the capital region will consecutively include 15-20 patients. The inclusion criteria of the patients comprise: a) Suspected Urinary tract infection, b) > 18 years of age, c) patient consulting during office hours. Data at patient and GP level will be gathered. 16 diagnostic approaches will be compared and proper use of antibiotics will be assessed as a two-step process. The first step is the decision made during the consultation and the second step is the decision made after the consultation. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values will be measure for each diagnostic approach using urine culture as a gold standard. The impact on proper use of antibiotics will be assessed in a hierarchical multivariable logistic model.

This study aims to determine the burden of pertussis infection among adolescents and adults with prolonged cough in four Asian countries, namely Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand. This study also aims to assess the health economic (HE) impact of pertussis.

RATIONALE: Infection prophylaxis and management may help prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection caused by a stem cell transplant. PURPOSE:This clinical trial studies infection prophylaxis and management in treating cytomegalovirus infection in patients with hematologic malignancies previously treated with donor stem cell transplant.

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION: Cervical cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil, and is the cause of significant morbidity and mortality among Brazilian women. In spite of government efforts to improve the coverage rates of Pap tests, the disease-related incidence and mortality rates remain high and the diagnosis is still too late.Considering that the chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) related genital infection leads to cervical cancer development, cervical cancer should be the target of primary prevention through vaccination. PROJECT OBJECTIVES: This project aims to evaluate de following vaccination indicators: 1) Program acceptance rate; 2) Vaccine coverage rate; 3) Three-dose completion rate; 4) Rescue vaccination demand; 5) Adverse event rate; TARGET POPULATION: Schoolgirls attending the 6th and 7th grades of elementary school (mean age = 11.9 yo). VACCINATION PROGRAM: The program adopted the quadrivalent vaccine because it is considered superior to the bivalent vaccine in preventing HPV-induced lesions. In addition to preventing the development of pre-cancer lesions and cervical cancer, the quadrivalent vaccine has also proved to be effective in preventing condyloma, and vaginal and vulvar cancer. The girls received the vaccines doses at their schools (school-based program) and also at the Barretos Cancer Hospital. RESULTS: Program acceptance rate = 91.8% (95%CI: 87.0%-96.8%); Vaccine coverage for 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses = 87.5% (95%CI: 82.9%-92.2%), 86.3% (95%CI: 81.8%-91.1%) and 85.0% (95%CI: 80.5%-89.7%). Three dose completion rate = 97.2% (95%CI: 92.0%-100.0%). Reasons for dropping out of the vaccination program included: moving out of town (17), lost during follow up (16), guardians' decision but without a reasonable justification (3), girl refused to continue in the program (1) and pregnancy (2). Two girls interrupted the vaccination because of adverse events reported by the parents. Rescue vaccination demand = 279 girls on the first dose (20.3%; 95%CI: 17.9%-22.8%), 357 on the second dose (26.3%; 95%CI=23.6%-29.1%) and 291 on the third dose (21.7%; 95%CI=19.3%-24.4%). Thirty adverse events were recorded or observed in 4,074 doses, providing an adverse event rate of 0.7% (95%CI: 0.5%-1.1%). There was no severe adverse event.

This project aims to assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of fosfomycin(FOM) in patients with bacterial infection. Primary objective: • To assess clinical and microbiological efficacy of FOM in patients with bacterial infection. Secondary objectives: To determine the rate and severity of unexpected adverse events. To determine the mean duration of therapy with FOM in patients with bacterial infection. Study design: Multi-center, non-interventional study

The investigators conducted the study in 4 teaching hospitals and 2 non-teaching hospitals of Shaanxi Province. Surgeons, clinical pharmacists and nurses took part in patient collection, information registration, protocol performance. The investigators recruited 1200 patients with inguinal hernia undergoing inguinal hernioplasty in the six hospitals from January 2010 to July 2011. The patients were randomly allocated into control group, cefazolin group and levofloxacin group, with digital meter method , 400 in each group. The data such as age, sex, case number, length of hospital stay, antibiotic usage, post-operative infection, infection site, bacterial culture were filled in self-designed forms on computer.