Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This study purposed to examine the adequate range of therapeutic concentration for Korean people by observing curative effects, side effects, blood concentration, etc. in treating CRAB-infected patients with colistin.

This study will look at the rate of infections developed by subjects comparing the use of disposable draping systems versus reusable draping systems in the operating room.

The study investigates whether shared online access to epidemiological data for general practitioners, disease prevention officers, emergency care services and microbiology laboratories changes clinical practice with regard to testing, diagnosing and treatment of communicable diseases. The main hypothesis is that "online access for general practitioner to epidemiological data about communicable diseases changes clinical practice for testing, diagnosing and treatment of communicable diseases".

Randomized, doble blind, clinical, controlled trial aimed to investigate the role of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in mexican children who attend day care centers. Primary Outcome: The primary outcome will be "days with diarrhoea". Secondary Outcomes: a) Days with respiratory tract infections (RTI); b) Days of absences from day care centre; c) Days of antibiotic use; d) Days of medical office visits or emergency visits; and e) Direct and Indirect costs. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial to realize in 260 healthy term infants, born at term (≥36 weeks of gestation), 6 to 36 months old, who will be recruit from Child Care Centers in Mexico and randomly allocated to receive either 1 x 108 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo, each day for 12 weeks, follow up for other additionally 12 weeks of observation. Days with respiratory tract infections (RTI); days of absences from day care centre; days of antibiotic use; days of medical office visits or emergency visits; and direct and Indirect costs will be compare between groups using bi-variate, multiple lineal regression analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the virological and clinical efficacy of etravirine plus 2 active nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in HIV-infected patients. Additionally, the safety of these regimens, specially lipid profiles, will be assessed.

In the proposed study, the investigators plan to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Cefotaxime sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection (2:1)for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract acute bacterial infection under the widely used in clinical conditions.

This study will collect real-life data from patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) OR complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) to assess the burden of the disease, review the treatment pathways, evaluate how health resources are used and identify any areas of unmet medical needs. The aim of the study is to compare how patients who are admitted to hospital with CAP or cSSSI are managed across Europe. This will be done by collecting data to understand the patient and disease characteristics, current practice of treatment, and outcomes for the patient. Overall 4000 patients will be recruited from 10 European countries.

Liver-related death is the leading cause of mortality in HIV-infected individuals with CD4+ cell counts over 200, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the greatest risk for liver-related mortality in HIV-positive patients. Compared to HCV monoinfected individuals, patients with HIV and HCV coinfection experience accelerated progression of liver fibrosis, which can lead to higher incidence of cirrhosis, end stage liver disease (ESLD), and death. Changes in CD8+ T-cell activation, inflammatory cytokines, and serum markers of tissue injury may offer an immunologic platform to determine factors associated with progressive liver fibrosis in coinfected patients. In this cross-sectional study we will evaluate whether HIV and HCV coinfection patients with well-controlled HIV infection who have an undetectable viral load exhibit abnormal levels of inflammation and immune activation, potentially contributing to advanced liver fibrosis. Comparative groups include coinfected patients successfully treated for hepatitis C, or who have absence of hepatitis C viremia through spontaneous clearance, hepatitis C monoinfected patients, and HIV-positive patients with well-controlled HIV infection without hepatitis C. Liver fibrosis will be measured by non-invasive methods. The primary objectives of this study are: To determine if there are differences in markers of inflammation and immune activation in subsets of patients with HIV, hepatitis C, and HIV and hepatitis C coinfection. To assess the stage of liver fibrosis using non-invasive methods in subsets of patients with hepatitis C and HIV and hepatitis C coinfection and compare the degree of liver fibrosis with levels of inflammation and immune activation.

Understudied drugs will be administered to children per standard of care as prescribed by their treating caregiver and only biological sample collection during the time of drug administration will be involved. A total of approximately 7000 children aged <21 years who are receiving these drugs for standard of care will be enrolled and will be followed for up a maximum of 90 days. The goal of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of understudied drugs for which specific dosing recommendations and safety data are lacking. The prescribing of drugs to children will not be part of this protocol. Taking advantage of procedures done as part of routine medical care (i.e. blood draws) this study will serve as a tool to better understand drug exposure in children receiving these drugs per standard of care. The data collected through this initiative will also provide valuable pharmacokinetic and dosing information of drugs in different pediatric age groups as well as special pediatric populations (i.e. obese).

Though still an endemic area, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Taiwan is decreasing in recent years. Further reduction in TB incidence, or even elimination should rely on treatment for LTBI. However, which is the cost-effective screening method or what is the cost-effective regimen in Taiwan is still unclear. Therefore, the investigators designed this prospective study to follow up adult household contacts with LTBI for 2 years and compare the efficacy of 9-month isoniazid and 4-month rifampicin).