Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The COVID-19 pandemic of SARS CoV2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, COVID-19) infection, which is currently evolving in France, raises many questions about the clinical and biological profile of infected hospitalized patients. If certain biological factors like troponin, BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptid), or clinical factors like cardiovascular history or oncological history are associated with a worse prognosis, available data comes from studies in Asia for the majority, or including a limited number of patients. Patient stratification remains a major issue for patient sorting and early referral of patients.

Background: People who have had contact with a person with a known SARS-CoV-2 infection are being told to self-quarantine for 14 days. This is done to avoid potential virus spread. But the actual time it takes for a person to develop an infection after being exposed to the virus is not well known. The proper quarantine time could be less or more than 2 weeks. Researchers hope this study can be used to help improve public health guidelines for quarantines, social distancing, and returning to work after a possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Objective: To better understand how long it takes a person to develop (or not develop) an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus after they have had contact with a person who has a confirmed infection. Eligibility: NIH staff members age 18 and older who had recent contact with a person who has a SARS-CoV-2 infection Design: Participants will have 3 study visits at the NIH Clinical Center. They may be asked to have an extra visit depending on the test results at the third visit. At each visit, participants will give a blood and saliva sample. It will be used to test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Their temperature will be taken. They will complete a short survey to collect data about possible COVID-19 symptoms. At the first visit only, they will also complete a survey that asks about their recent social contacts. Two types of nasal samples will be collected at each visit. These samples will be tested for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. a swab will be inserted deep into the back of the nose and a swab will be inserted to the middle of your nose. Participation lasts 3 to 4 weeks.

In December 2019, Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was identified as causing serious respiratory infection in humans. Initially COVID-19 was propagated by infected symptomatic individuals; currently the disease is disseminated by asymptomatic COVID-19 positive subjects. The prevalence of asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals is unknown. Due its physiologic immune suppression, pregnancy is a vulnerable time for severe respiratory infections including COVID-19. Limited information is available regarding the impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the prevalence and demographic profile of asymptomatic pregnant women. Despite reports of 15-20% positive COVID-19 tests in women admitted to Labor and Delivery, professional obstetric medical societies still recommend not prioritizing testing of patients who are asymptomatic. In the USA, COVID-19 symptomatic patients come predominantly from lower income, Black and Latino communities. No data are available on the rate and demographic distribution of asymptomatic positive COVID-19 pregnant women. To minimize the risk of inadvertent exposure asymptomatic individuals, recently our institution started COVID-19 testing in all admitted pregnant women. The investigators expect to gain knowledge on the impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women especially if asymptomatic and compare to other respiratory infections.

As dentists begin reopening their practices during a global pandemic, the risk of COVID-19 infection that dentists face in providing dental care remains unknown. Estimating the occupational risk of COVID-19, and producing evidence on the types of infection control practices and dental practices that may affect COVID-19 risk, is therefore imperative. The goal of the proposed study is to understand U.S.-based dentists' health and dental-practice reactions to COVID-19. To estimate this, U.S-based dentists will be surveyed monthly. These findings could be used to describe the prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 among dentists, determine what infection control steps dentists take over time, and estimate whether infection control adherence in dental practice is related to COVID-19 incidence.

Perineal injury following childbirth can result in complications such as wound infection. The perineum has closely related anatomical structures including the external genital organs and the anal triangle which contains the anal sphincter muscles. Therefore as wound infection can extend and as muscles of the perineum sit in such close proximity to each other, the anal sphincter muscles could potentially be affected. This could also potentially include cases of perineal injury where the anal sphincter was not injured. However ultrasound has never been used to investigate this. Endoanal ultrasound is the gold standard diagnostic tool in the assessment of obstetric anal sphincter injury. The anal sphincter can also be visualised using multiplanar transperineal ultrasound(three/four-dimensional. Therefore both modalities could be used. However, it has been shown that transperineal ultrasound has a high positive predictive value and therefore is able to correctly identify an intact anal sphincter, but low positive predictive value; meaning poor detection of sphincter defects. Therefore, although it cannot completely substitute endoanal ultrasound (the gold standard in investigating obstetric anal sphincter injuries), it provides and adjunct/alternative for women who cannot tolerate endoanal ultrasound. The investigators plan to perform an observational study to evaluate to the natural history of perineal wound infections. Patients will be assessed weekly with endoanal ultrasound and/or transperineal ultrasound until the wound infection has resolved and the wound has clinically healed. If a bacterial wound swab has not been taken prior to recruitment or wound swab results are not available, one will be taken to detect the causative organisms. Appropriate antibiotics will then be given to cover the detected organism. Bacterial burden and will also be measured weekly using the MolecuLight i:X; a bacterial autofluorescence camera which captures the presence and load of bacteria. In wounds that have superficially dehisced; exact wound measurements including wound surface area, depth, volume and healing progress will be precisely measured using the Silhouette® 3D camera

This is part of a feasibility study to compare the predicate standard FDA cleared test for serum to a point of care test Toxoplasma ICT IgG-IgM BK produced by LD Bio Diagnostic. The specificity and sensitivity in testing serum and whole blood will be compared. This study includes 70 persons either pregnant or non pregnant. This is being done in accordance with FDA requirements for clearance of a testing device . We will use a standard FDA cleared test in all studies. The FDA has suggested that we submit a pre subQ for a 510K and dual CLIA waiver. This allows us also to determine feasibility of use of the predicate test in conjunction with the experimental test with volunteers, including men, women, and pregnant women.

This study evaluates the implementation of a machine learning based clinical decision support system for treatment of patients presenting with an urinary tract infection in general practice. The software was developed to support general practitioners in the choice of antibiotic regimen.

The purpose of this study is to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with non-cholera Vibrio infection in Western France from 2000 to 2019.

A retrospective study to determine the potential value of MDW among other biomarkers in the diagnosis of infection.

Given the paucity of pharmacological data on cefazolin treatment of Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) complicated S. aureus infection (CSAI), the primary purpose of this study is to investigate the probability of pharmacological target attainment (in the blood and infected tissue) with standard intermittent bolus administration of cefazolin in patients with CSAI caused by MSSA by determining plasma concentrations of cefazolin and exact Minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) of the causative MSSA strains in patients with various disease severities (e.g. critically ill vs. noncritically ill patients). Sub-study quantitative measurement of Torque Teno virus (TTV): The primary purpose of this sub-study is to describe the viral kinetics of TTV in CSAI patients and to explore the association of TTV viremia with clinical outcomes and molecular markers of activation of the immune system. Sub-study investigating antibiotic concentrations in sweat as a non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring