Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Unlike other respiratory viruses such as influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) where the child is the essential reservoir and central vector of intrafamilial contamination, the child is likely to be a small player in the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SRAS-CoV2) infection. This study aims to describe the age category of the first contact, within 14 days before the appearance of the first symptoms of the index case in order to describe the age categories of this first contaminant, globally, in the group of children and finally in the group of adults. This work is intended to provide food for discussion and to justify the distancing and containment measures imposed on children when their isolation has a deleterious impact that has now been established for some children.

The purpose of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate frequency and characteristics of low-grade infections of the intervertebral discs in an unselected real-life patient population undergoing surgery for degenerative pathologies of the spine.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is the most serious complication of deep neck infections (DNI) with high mortality. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate possible prognostic factors for DNM development in deep space neck infections.

Current British HIV Association (BHIVA) guidelines recommend annual cervical screening (with a cervical smear) for women living with HIV (WLWH). NHS guidelines for women in England will, however, change soon. Women will initially be tested for human papilloma virus (HPV), a virus which causes virtually all cervical cancer. Only those who are infected with HPV will then undergo the smear testing. The BHIVA guidelines, however, taking the view that HIV infection (and its ability to weaken the immune system) increases the risk of persistent HPV infection and of cancer in those who are infected, consider safer for all WLWH to go straight to annual smear testing. Most WLWH in the UK are now receiving treatment which protects their immune system - this suggests that less WLWH could be HPV infected. The identification of a group of WLWH who could benefit from less frequent screening could improve quality of life, and allow the NHS to reduce unnecessary tests and costs. A large study is needed to collect robust evidence that would support changes to standard practice. Before investing huge resources, the investigators need to know if a study would be feasible, conducting a pilot study on 70 WLWH aged 25-64, regularly attending clinics for HIV care. Participants will be asked to complete an entry survey and they will undergo routine cervical smears (baseline and after 1 year). At baseline, after six months, and one year women will take their own vaginal swabs for the detection of HR-HPV. An exit questionnaire will be undertaken at the last visit.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference of breast milk microbiota between mothers with and without vaginal infections during pregnancy.

Peritoneal dialysis-related infection is a complication that leads to peritoneal dialysis catheter removal or patient death. The present study aimed to investigate peritoneal dialysis-related infection rates, causative pathogens, appropriation of antibiotic use, treatment outcomes and trend in antimicrobial resistance of causative pathogens.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased cardiovascular mortality. In particular children with early-onset CKD have a lifelong increased risk to suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, children with CKD deserve our attention. The immune system in children with CKD is disturbed, exhibiting pro-inflammatory features. Therefore, we aim to learn more about the characteristics of the immune system in early-onset CKD. In this project PBMC of pediatric CKD patients and age-matched healthy controls will be analysed and compared using CITE-Seq as a multimodal scRNAseq phenotyping method. All patients will be clinically characterized to integrate cardiovascular and immunological data.

The investigators aim to carry out a retrospective observational study, analysing lung ultrasound images from patients who have presented to A&E for routine diagnostic purposes (ruling out cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, Pulmonary embolism and pericardial effusions) and systematically assessing for abnormalities typical for COVID-19 infection (Pleural irregularities, B lines, consolidations, pleural effusions). Doing this, the investigators will also develop a suggestion for a standardised technique for lung ultrasound which can be transferred to other clinical settings (Intensive Care, Acute medical Unit) and could form the basis for an international standard. Thirdly, the investigators aim to correlate our findings to clinical severity judged by oxygenation status on arrival in ED. To the investigators' knowledge, this is the first study of this kind.

the number of immunocompromised patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICU) is increasing. They are at higher risk of colonization and/or infection with multi-resistant bacteria (MDR). However this risk is not well characterized. ICU acquired infections related to MDR are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare the incidence of ICU-acquired colonization and ICU-acquired infection related to MDR between immunocompromized and immunocompetent patients. The risk factors for ICU-acquired colonization and ICU-acquired infections, and their impact on outcome will also be evaluated and compared between immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

Acute respiratory infections (such as influenza-like illness and upper respiratory tract infection) and acute infectious diarrhea are, for the most part, conditions that do not require medical management or specific treatment. Depending on the level of their transmission in the community, however, these diseases place significant clinical and financial burden on the healthcare system, particularly on emergency departments (ED). The investigators propose a prospective multicenter cohort study with which they aim to validate clinical decision rules combining 1) rapid molecular tests and 2) risk stratification tools to identify patients at low risk for complications related to acute respiratory infection and acute infectious diarrhea. The use of these clinical decision rules by nurses in ED triage could allow low-risk patients to be sent directly home for self-treatment without having to see the emergency physician. By eliminating the need for physician assessment, paraclinical testing and prolonged waiting in the ED, these triage-based clinical decision rules could provide a new, safe care pathway for acute respiratory infections and acute infectious diarrhea, reducing the burden on the patient, the healthcare system, and society.