Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The aim of this study is to conduct an Asia-Pacific, multi-center, prospective observational study to characterize patients with CDI as well as to understand treatment and management of the disease.

The purpose of the study is to assess viral kinetics and clinical symptoms kinetics in pediatric patients hospitalized with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) confirmed lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

A multi-center, retrospective study of cases of serious bacterial infections including complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP), Hospital Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP), and/or bacteremia caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

Prospectively assessment of CMV viremia by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a broad cohort of consecutive immunocompetent adults admitted to a major heart surgery intensive care unit (MHS-ICU) with the goal of determining the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical significance of CMV infection.

This study explores the routines of registration of surgical site infections (SSI) at different surgical centers in Sweden. It explores the sensitivity and specificity of the registration routines of SSI are at Halmstad County Hospital, Sweden.

NIDIAG is an international collaboration on integrated diagnosis-treatment platforms, funded by the European Commission (EC). NIDIAG aims to develop an improved, patient-centred system for delivering primary health care in resource-constrained settings. NIDIAG will investigate three clinical syndromes, namely (i) persistent digestive disorders, (ii) persistent fever and (iii) neurological disorders, due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The current study focuses on persistent digestive disorders, which are defined as diarrhoea or abdominal pain that last for at least 2 weeks. While acute diarrhoea has been studied globally, few research activities have focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of long-lasting diarrhoeal episodes (2 weeks and longer) in the tropics. The spectrum of possibly involved pathogens includes more than 30 bacterial, parasitic and viral infectious agents. This lack of data may be explained by the fact that people suffering from NTDs might only seek care at a late stage of the disease. Furthermore, health systems in affected regions are often weak and their primary health-care centres are often under-staffed and lack essential diagnostic equipment. The hypothesis of this study is that development of an evidence-based syndromic approach can lead to better diagnosis and management of NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders. The study will be carried out in two West African countries (Côte d'Ivoire and Mali) and in two Asian countries (Indonesia and Nepal). The study will follow a "case-control" design and patients and controls will be prospectively enrolled. In order to address the knowledge gaps, three specific objectives will be pursued. First, the contribution of NTDs to the 'persistent digestive disorders syndrome' will be assessed. Second, the value of clinical features and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of target NTDs that give rise to persistent digestive disorders will be determined. Third, the clinical response to standard empiric and targeted treatment of several NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders will be evaluated. These objectives will provide a long-term benefit for the communities by improving the clinical decision-making process for the target NTDs and thus, better diagnostic work-up and patient management can be achieved in the study countries and other similar resource-constrained countries

All patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) for any underlying disease will be monitored for severe infections by gram negative bacteria (SIGNB) during the engraftment period. The follow up will be stopped at 4 months from the day of transplant. About 50 transplant centers will be involved in the study.

The microbiota represents the collections of microbial communities that colonize a host. In health, the microbiota protects against pathogens and maturation of the immune system. In return, the immune system determines the composition of the microbiota. Altered microbial composition (dysbiosis) has been correlated with a number of diseases in humans. The real role of the microbiota in transplant recipients is still unknown even though we suspect that it may be affected directly or indirectly by immunosuppressive drugs and antimicrobial prophylaxis taken by transplant patients, as well as by inflammatory process secondary to ischemia/reperfusion injury. A number of studies have investigated the impact of liver transplantation on the intestinal microbiota. In a recent analysis of stool flora (Microb Ecol 2013; 65: 781-791) in 12 liver transplant recipients, changes in the microbiota were correlated to post-transplant infections. The authors suggested that the shift to pathogenic strains of bacteria due to the use of prophylactic antibiotics may be contributing to post-transplant complications. In a larger study, Wu et al (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2012; 11: 40-50) demonstrated marked changes in the gut microbiota post-transplantation with an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus, and reduction in Eubacteria, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species. These changes, however, resolved over time such that by 6 months, at times when bacterial prophylaxis ends and immunosuppression is reduced. A better characterization of the impact of post-transplant therapy on the human microbiota has the potential to improve our understanding of the infection process and translate into development of new therapeutic strategies. The main goal of this study is to characterize intestinal microbiota and confirm the same bacterial DNA in peripheral blood and portal lymph nodes in patients affected with end-stage chronic liver disease, and to analyze its evolution from the moment of inclusion in waiting list throughout the first year after liver transplantation. For each patient, a healthy CONTROL with a similar age (± 10 years) will be selected from the same family setting, in whom just one sample will be obtained during the enrollment phase. The second goal is to analyze the potential associations between microbiota flora and transplant outcomes during the same period.

The purpose of this prospective study is to investigate the association between the amount of residual urine and asymptomatic bacterial prostate infection with the occurrence of recurrent (>2 /year) symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients suffering from chronic (> 1 year) spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction performing intermittent catheterization. The following hypotheses will be tested: The amount of residual urine after intermittent catheterization is significantly greater in SCI patients suffering from frequent (>2 /year) urinary tract infections compared to those without. The incidence of asymptomatic bacterial prostate infections is significantly higher in SCI patients suffering from frequent (>2 /year) urinary tract infections compared to those without.

This is a clinical sampling study, and no study drugs will be administered under this protocol. Premature infants who receive intravenous ganciclovir as part of clinical care will be eligible for participation in this study. Intravenous ganciclovir will not be provided under this protocol.