Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The investigators believe that irradication of nose colonization of staphyloccocus aureus will reduce the incidence of surgical site infections after cesarean section.

Background: - Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection is a respiratory infection that is sometimes difficult to diagnose. Proper diagnosis depends on accurate collection of respiratory secretions, but these secretions may be contaminated by bacteria present in the mouth at the time of collection. In addition, some individuals may have difficulty providing respiratory secretions, because the infection affects lung function and sputum production. By collecting new samples from individuals who have already been diagnosed with this infection, and comparing the methods of collection, researchers hope to better understand and improve the ability to accurately diagnose and treat the infection at an early stage. Objectives: - To compare throat cultures and coughed-up and induced phlegm or sputum in individuals with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and inflammation. Eligibility: - Individuals between 18 and 79 years of age who have been diagnosed with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection and are currently participating in selected NIH protocols on this infection. Design: The study will require a single 90-minute visit to provide research specimens. Participants must not eat or drink for 2 hours prior to the collection of the early morning respiratory specimens. Blood pressure, temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and oxygen saturation level readings will be taken on the day of collection to ensure that participants may safely provide the specimens. Participants will provide the following samples: Blood sample: Participants will provide a blood sample to measure indicators of inflammation in the blood. Throat swab: Participants will brush their teeth thoroughly before allowing researchers to swab the inside of their throat with a sterile swab. Sputum collection (regular and induced): Participants will brush their teeth thoroughly and then provide both a regular sputum sample (produced normally) and an induced sputum sample (produced after using a nebulizer to stimulate sputum production). No treatment will be provided as part of this protocol.

The population of HIV infected women seen at Boston Medical Center may have a higher frequency of anal cytologic and histologic abnormalities than what is reported for the non-HIV infected population.

The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology of pulmonary hypertension in individuals with HIV infection and to investigate its pathogenesis. We propose to conduct a prospective observational cohort study to determine the association between highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and viral suppression in HIV-infected patients who have been identified to have pre-clinical pulmonary hypertension (Aim 1). In addition, we will investigate the mechanistic role of the HIV-1 Nef protein and HHV-8 infection in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension in individuals with HIV (Aim 2). We will also investigate endothelial function in HIV-infected patients with pulmonary hypertension (Aim 3).

This is a retrospective observational study which follows on from CNA106030 (a study evaluating whether prospective genetic screening for HLA-B*5701 can reduce the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir). This study aims to collect data on approximately 35 subjects who withdrew from CNA106030 when found to be HLA-B*5701 positive. HIV disease management and adverse event data in these subjects, where the risk/benefit ratio of treatment with abacavir may alter subsequent prescribing, will be collected

The response to vaccination for hepatitis is reduced in patients with HIV infection. The hypothesis of the study is that adjuvant interleukin-2 administered subcutaneously at the time of vaccination improves the response rate.

To characterise the physical parameters (number concentration, size distribution and their trajectories) of aerosols (droplets) generated in high risk procedures.

We hypothesized that by improving hand hygiene compliance in the operative environment, we would reduce horizontal transmission of pathogenic bacteria to surgical patients.

The purpose of this observational study is to estimate the number of new HIV infections and the number and variability of antiretroviral-resistant HIV strains among men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants will be recruited from four sites in Peru and one site in Ecuador.

Sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections are a widespread public health concern due to their prevalence and potentially devastating reproductive consequences, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. The goal of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for adverse outcomes following genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and to evaluate whether or not the presence of C. trachomatis in the rectum act as a reservoir for infection.