Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to monitor patients who recently have been infected with HIV in order to learn how their immune systems respond to HIV infection and to study how the virus acts in their bodies. Primary HIV infection occurs within 20 days to 8 weeks following exposure to HIV. The symptoms of primary HIV infection are usually fever, tiredness, headache, or muscle aches. However, symptoms vary greatly from person to person, and some people might not experience any symptoms at all. Because these symptoms also resemble the cold or the flu, it is difficult to identify patients with primary HIV infection. Information gathered from this study will help doctors decide what kind of treatment is best to give patients who recently have been infected.

The role of the nasopharyngeal mucosal microbiota has recently been emphasized in respiratory diseases. The hypothesis that respiratory infections are linked to an imbalance of the nasopharyngeal microbiota has recently emerged and some studies show a link between the respiratory microbiota, the susceptibility to viral respiratory infections and the severity induced. In a preliminary work on the respiratory microbiota from 225 patients and 48 controls, the investigators found a decrease in the richness and biodiversity of the nasopharyngeal microbiota in patients with a respiratory viral infection as well as an enrichment of their respiratory flora in pathogenic bacteria. Interestingly, these recent years, the development of qPCR for virus diagnosis showed a substantial proportion of asymptomatic carriers of viruses suggesting that the nasopharyngeal microbiota may play a critical role in the genesis and clinical expression of viral respiratory infection, challenging Koch's postulate. The principal objectives of this study are to compare the respiratory microbiota between symptomatic patients with respiratory viral infection and asymptomatic carrier of virus. The aim is to determine the existence of respiratory microbiota profiles associated with the occurrence of viral respiratory infections influencing the clinical expression of virus and to determine the role of the respiratory microbiota in the occurrence of bacterial superinfection which will justify an early antibiotic treatment. The investigators will include 35 symptomatic patients with viral respiratory infection harboring positive qPCR for respiratory virus (influenza A or B, RSV, rhinovirus, metapneumovirus), 35 asymptomatic patients with positive qPCR for respiratory virus and 30 healthy subjects (controls). A pharyngeal and a nasal swabs will be performed for each patient. All the samples will be analyse by culturomics and metagenomic. Culturomic is a high-throughput culture strategy based on the multiplication of culture conditions coupled with the rapid identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time-Of-Flight) mass spectrometry.Metagenomics is an high throughput sequencing and will be performed using Miseq ( Illumina technology) targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S RNA gene.

Urinary infections are at the origin of many emergency department consultations and antibiotic prescriptions. Increase of bacteria resistance to antibiotics is promoted by an inappropriate use of those antibiotics but initial prescription in emergency departments is complicated by brief clinical examinations, unavailable sampling results and risks of multi-resistant bacteria. Large diffusion of new recommendations for urinary infection management should improve the quality of initial antibiotic prescription. However emergency physicians have no knowledge of the reassessment of antibiotherapy 48 to 72 hours after initial prescription by general practitioners which is a quality criterion of good antibiotic use. The main purpose of this study is to estimate the reassessment rate by general practitioners of the urinary infection antibiotherapies prescribed in emergency departments. This will allow assessing the quality of initial antibiotic prescription and help to improve practices.

To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin as an early predictor of infection after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

A sterile swap specimen taken from the scalp of the patients with psoriasis vulgaris or seborrheic dermatitis and the volunteer control group will be examined in our study. The examples of the microbiota of the patients will be taken both the lesional scalp and the lesion-free part of the scalp. Then, the microbiota differences between the lesioned scalp and the lesion-free scalp of both groups, and the microbiome differences between the two groups and the control group will be evaluated.

Introduction: It is estimated that more than one million Brazilians were infected by zika virus in the last two years. Brazilian researchers first noted the virus's potential association with microcephaly. Objective: This study aimed to describe the motor performance of children aged between 6-18 months with the diagnoses of congenital Zika syndrome. Method: This is a cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study. The study population consisted of 31 children. Participants were evaluated using Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM).

Pneumonia and diarrhea are the most frequent causes of infectious diseases in children under 5 years of age worldwide, responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. In up to 80% of pneumonia cases the etiology is viral. Some viruses can persist up to 6 months after an acute infection. The time when viruses enter the body and whether they are commensals or only cause disease and are eliminated after an acute infection is unknown. Modern techniques have identified diverse communities of microbiota in healthy and sick people, and viral communities associated in a close interaction. The acquisition and colonization by respiratory viruses and the role in health and disease in this niche that is the microbiome is unknown. The role of probiotics in the prevention of respiratory disease and in the maintenance of homeostasis in the microbiota is poorly understood, and even more the probable relationship between the microbiota, the respiratory viruses that could be commensals or pathogens at the respiratory level, the time when children can be colonized, and their regulation with the administration of probiotics. The aims of the study are to determine the changes in the intestinal and respiratory microbiota, the viruses that can be commensals or cause disease and the role of probiotics in the prevention of respiratory diseases during the first year of life. A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial will be carried out making basic metagenomics studies (translational medicine). After informed consent, 120 newborns will be randomized into 2 groups, one will receive probiotics 4 times a week orally and the other a placebo consisting of sterile water 4 times a week. The clinical follow up will be done every 2 months until 1 year old, nasal washes and stool samples will be collected to determine the intestinal and respiratory microbiome. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction studies will be conducted to detect the presence of respiratory viruses and the time when the children acquire viruses that are commensal or only in the case of respiratory infection. The mothers will be asked to come for consult in case of respiratory infection and a nasal wash and stool sample will be taken. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics will be used to determine the associations between the microbiota, the viral metagenomics, the respiratory viruses and the risk of presenting or not respiratory infection in the group receiving probiotics compared to placebo.

This study is specifically designed to provide observational data which can be used to help in the design of future randomized clinical trials on both therapeutics and diagnostics for MDRO infections. To this end, clinical and epidemiological data will be collected on patients who have MDRO isolated from clinical cultures during hospitalization, as well as descriptions of the outcomes of patients treated with various antimicrobial regimens. Molecular and microbiological characterization will also be performed on MDRO isolates. These data will include a detailed clinical and epidemiological description of patients including identifying potential barriers to enrollment in future trials. In addition, data will be collected on species, strain type, and mechanism of drug resistance of the causative organism. Knowing the molecular characteristics will further inform future trial design as not all diagnostics detect and not all therapeutics are active against the same mechanisms of resistance.

This is a prospective cohort study. All patients presenting for periprosthetic joint infection and requiring debridement only or resection arthroplasty will be eligible. The synovial joint fluid will be sampled before the arthrotomy at the operation room. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate that 1) the concordance of organism identification by the direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS versus routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures and 2) the timing of preliminary strain identification by the direct identification of MALTI-TOF MS, routine identification of MALTI-TOF MS and conventional cultures in patients with periprosthetic joint infection.

Cephamycin related to 2nd generation cephalosporins, the use of cefoxitin has long been limited to antibiotic prophylaxis. Because of its spectrum (sensitive staphylococci, enterobacteria including ESBL, streptococci, anaerobes), its stability and its low cost, it could be useful in curative bone and joint infections, especially in case of infection polymicrobial disease in patients for whom antibiotic alternative per os is limited.