Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This study is an observational study to collect stool samples from patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) to investigate the virulence mechanisms of C. difficile ribotypes in Hong Kong, mainly ribotype 002. No intervention is involved.

Neurosurgery (NS) is essential for the treatment of various diseases such as malignant tumors, vascular conditions, spinal stenosis or trauma. However, NS can be complicated by the onset of infections, directly related to surgery or to hospitalization. Little is known regarding the epidemiology, the optimal treatment regimens and the outcome of infections following NS (I-NS). The study aims at investigating the clinical and microbiological characteristics as well as the outcomes of I-NS occurring at a single Institution (IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy) during the period 2016-2018. Patients with at least 1 infective episode requiring antimicrobial therapy are included in this retrospective observational study.

The purpose of this study is two-fold. In the first phase, the goal is to characterize the stability of respiratory (nasal swab, nasopharyngeal swab, and throat swab; NS, NPS, TS) and stool (raw stool and rectal swab) specimens collected using various standard, medically established procedures with and without transport media and tested at various time points and under different temperature conditions, and also to look at variation between repeat sampling events. The intention is for these data to support decisions made by BioFire regarding the appropriate specimen type and handling guidelines for future tests. In the second phase of the study, collection and transport conditions identified in Phase 1 will be used to collect specimens for pilot performance evaluations of a new molecular diagnostic test.

A major water supply utilized in the Lambayeque region are acequias. Acequias are irrigation canals that are utilized by the agriculture industry for the cultivation of consumables. Utilization of contaminated water to irrigate consumables can lead to foodborne illnesses. Contamination studies on the acequias in the Lambayeque region have not been performed to date. The purpose of this study is to test contamination of acequias in 9 districts in Lambayeque and determine if a difference in infection rates exists in districts with contaminated acequias vs. districts without contaminated acequias for the following diseases: H. pylori, Adenovirus, Rotavirus.

This is a nutritional observational trial with two arms: 1) Intervention arm of Probiotic Yoghurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 and 2) Control arm of milk. About 500 children in each arm will be enrolled. Children will be enrolled in the yoghurt or the milk arm, based on the preference of the school and the parents in response to a sensitization campaign of a non-governmental organization (NGO) in the region. This selection will therefore be non-randomized and non-blinded. Within one school, all children will be enrolled in the same arm. The children will be monitored for 3 weeks in the baseline. Subsequently, the children will consume either 100ml of yoghurt or 100ml of milk, once per day for five days per week for nine weeks, while being continuously monitored. The milk and the yoghurt will be locally sourced in the district where the schools are located.

Identify the cutaneous microbiota on a cutaneous lesion (cellulite, wound, rash, etc.) on a swab, biopsies or abscess puncture and on "healthy" skin on a skin swab performed for cutaneous mapping to search for staphylococcal deposits.

This community-based cross-sectional survey will estimate the frequency and risk factors of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media and Hearing Impairment in Children ages 4-6 years in the Chikwawa District. These data will be useful for service planning, disease prevention efforts and to guide future research in this field.

This study evaluates the impact of rank of Beta lactam antibiotics on emergence of mutlidrug resistant bacteria colonization in intensive care It's retrospective case controle study. Cases are colonized patient by multidrug resistant bacteria hospitalized in intensive care during the fist hospitalization in intensive care. Temoin are patients with the same characteristics than case but no colonized by multidrug resistant bacteria.

The AEGON study is a German multicenter, prospective observational study. The study consists of two parts, which are carried out at all participating study sites and include two different patient cohorts. Part 1 focuses on the collection and analysis of rectal swabs from newly admitted VREf-negative patients at high risk of nosocomial VREf acquisition. Moreover, patients included into this part of the study will undergo in-depth documentation of clinical data if an antibiotic therapy is administered. Initiated antibiotic therapies will then be assessed by an AMS board (Antimicrobial Stewardship Board). In Part 2, environmental investigations will be performed in newly occupied single rooms of previously known VREf-positive patients. In addition, rectal swabs will be collected and data on antibiotic exposure of these patients will be documented in order to correlate the VRE contamination burden of surfaces with the intestinal VREf-load and antibiotic exposure.

Prior studies investigating the etiopathogenesis of surgical site infection (SSI) traditionally suggested three main ways for the infection to occur: local contamination occurring during the surgery, hematogenous translocation of bacteria during concomitant bacteraemia, and contamination from adjacent infected tissues by the progression of the infective process. While most of the research on SSI focused on minimizing any source of pathogens at the time of the surgery, emerging evidence shows how acute and chronic SSI can emerge more often from bacteraemia or other tissues in the body, such as the gastrointestinal system, especially when dysbiosis and high permeability are retrieved. Intercellular tight junctions (TJs) tightly regulate paracellular antigen trafficking. TJs are extremely dynamic structures that operate in several critical functions of the intestinal epithelium under both physiological and pathological circumstances. This paradigm was subverted in 1993 by the discovery of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) as the first component of the TJ complex 11 now being comprised of more than 150 proteins, including occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), tricellulin , and angulins . However, despite major progress in our knowledge on the composition and function of the intercellular TJ, the mechanisms by which they are regulated are still incompletely understood. One of the breakthroughs in understanding the role of gut permeability in health and disease has been the discovery of zonulin, and the only physiologic intestinal permeability modulator described so far. Since then, zonulin has been used as a marker for increased intestinal permeability and associated with soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), other common markers associated with surgical complication, inflammation, and bacterial translocations. As such, Zonulin could be a biomarker for mid- and long-term complications after total joint replacement such as infection, loosening, and mechanical complications associated with painful symptomatology.