Active clinical trials for "Bacterial Infections"

The aims of this study are to: Determine the risk factors for multidrug resistance in bloodstream isolates of Gram negative bacilli Determine the mechanisms of multidrug resistance in bloodstream isolates of Gram negative bacilli Determine the risk factors for failure of prompt clearance of the blood of Gram negative bacteria Determine the survival of patients with Gram negative bacteremia Determine if failure of prompt clearance of the blood of Gram negative bacteria is a predictor of mortality following this infection

This prospective single center RCT aims to compare sterile gauze and tape versus Semi-permeable film dressing on the incidence of exit-site infection, CRBSIs (catheter-related bloodstream infections), skin irritation, total bacterial count, dressing intactness and cost-benefit, nursing workload in hemodialysis patients with a non-tunneled hemodialysis catheter.

This study is a retrospective, observational study to evaluate minocycline use in participants under real world conditions.

Optimal understanding of ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients is lacking resulting in large variation of achieved exposure and possible inadequate therapy. The investigators hypothesize that drug dosing based on CKD-EPIcr-cys provides a useful method to individualize and optimize therapy for ciprofloxacin and eventually improve outcome. In a multi-centre, observational, open-label study the investigators aim to define : the model for estimation of renal function that most accurately predicts ciprofloxacin clearance in critically ill patients.

Investigators aim to directly investigate the molecular properties of bacteria from tracheal and urinary samples routinely taken in intensive care units (ICU) patients.

Overall Aim: To describe and to assess the change in the temporal profile and transmission of microorganisms between patients and environmental surfaces after admission into a newly disinfected room. Study Activities: Investigators will prospectively and concurrently perform microbiological sampling of body sites (nose, throat, axillae, perineal and wounds) high touch surfaces (e.g. bedside rail, bed surface, toilet seat, IV pump and tray table) for consented adult patients admitted to freshly cleaned patient rooms. The microbiological sampling of body sites is already performed in many units of the hospital as standard of care. Infection and readmission related data from enrolled patients will be collected for upto 1 year after enrollment. Data analysis: Standard surveillance for hospital-acquired infections will be performed by the infection control group of the hospital. The identity and the nature of micro-organisms colonizing the high touch surfaces of rooms and of patient's body sites will be determined and compared. Risks involved is no more than minimal risk.

Retapamulin, a topical pleuromutilin antibiotic, is the first in a new class of topical antibiotics approved for human use. In the United States (US), retapamulin is approved for the treatment of impetigo in persons nine or more months of age and was launched on 12 April 2007. This five-year study is designed to examine use of retapamulin in the pediatric population less than nine months of age. We will conduct an annual assessment of prescription sales claims for retapamulin using the Integrated Health Care Information Services (IHCIS) National Managed Care Benchmarked Database. For each year of reporting, the observed frequencies of the exposure, with or without same-day, co-prescribed sales claim of mupirocin, will be identified. The study objectives are to determine the frequency of retapamulin sales in a representative US population stratified by the designated age group and to determine the frequency of same-day sale of the topical agent, mupirocin.

This study aims to evaluate new dosage of inflammatory markers or new inflammatory markers for the diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial infection. We made the hypothesis that these new dosages or new inflammatory markers could be more useful than dosage of inflammatory markers already used in clinical practice (especially the use of a combination of interleukins (6 or 8) and C-reactive protein for the management of newborns with a clinical suspicion of nosocomial bacterial infection and especially could allow to avoid excessive treatment with antibiotics

The proposed endpoints of the study would be: comparative use of piperacillin versus broader spectrum agents (e.g., piperacillin/tazobactam, etc.) [measured as defined daily doses per 1000 patient days]; physician acceptance of piperacillin as part of a streamlining program [measured as successful occurrences of the use of piperacillin as streamlining therapy]; changes in susceptibility patterns of broad spectrum antibiotics [measured as % Gram negative bacilli susceptible to each of the commonly used broad spectrum antibiotics]; and outcome of patients treated with streamlined therapy.

All patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) for any underlying disease will be monitored for severe infections by gram negative bacteria (SIGNB) during the engraftment period. The follow up will be stopped at 4 months from the day of transplant. About 50 transplant centers will be involved in the study.