Active clinical trials for "Cytomegalovirus Infections"

The purpose of this study is to compare the safety profile in healthy adult volunteers of single or multiple intravenous administrations of TCN-202 as compared with placebo.

This study examines the immunologic and virologic effects of prophylactic CMV specific CTL in recipients of T cell depleted stem cell transplant (TCD SCT) at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC), by measuring levels of CMV DNA and virus specific T cell precursors at intervals post-infusion.

This 2 arm study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral Valcyte compared with intravenous ganciclovir for the treatment of CMV disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Eligible patients will be randomized to receive either 1)Valcyte 900mg po bid or 2)ganciclovir 5mg/kg iv bid. The anticipated time on study treatment is 1-2 years and the target sample size is 100-500 individuals.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has remained a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (SCT). The most reliable virological predictive marker for disease development is the presence of HCMV viremia. It has been further recognized that viral load, and viral load kinetics are important determinants of pathogenesis. Prior to the preventive use of antiviral agents, CMV disease occurred in 15-45% of at-risk patients and carried a high mortality rate. In the last decade, major advances in the prevention of CMV disease have occurred with the application of pp65 antigenemia and qualitative/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the rapid and sensitive diagnosis of HCMV infection, combined with preemptive antiviral treatment targeted to patients with viremia. The prevalence of early CMV disease has declined to 3% to 6% with intense antiviral drug use. All antiviral drugs currently used for the treatment of systemic HCMV infection, including ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir, target the HCMV DNA polymerase. Ganciclovir is the most widely used drug for preemptive treatment. However, ganciclovir treatment is often complicated by bone marrow toxicity with the occasional development of potentially life-threatening thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, and graft failure, associated with secondary bacterial and fungal infection. Another limitation of preemptive ganciclovir therapy is the requirement for intravenous administration. The currently available oral valganciclovir is not yet approved for preemptive therapy in SCT recipients, and is associated with high treatment cost. Additionally, prolonged or repeated ganciclovir treatment may lead to the development of drug resistance. The use of foscarnet and cidofovir is limited by considerable nephrotoxicity, low oral bioavailability, and high cost. Thus, there is an increasing need for new effective non-toxic, low-cost anti-HCMV drugs with high oral bioavailability. Recently, the anti-malaria drug artesunate, which is widely used in the treatment of severe malaria, has been shown to be a highly effective inhibitor of HCMV in vitro. Artesunate exhibited similar antiviral activity (same micromolar range) to that of ganciclovir, while demonstrating no cytotoxicity. Importantly, its antiviral activity has been further demonstrated in vivo in a rat CMV model. No significant side effects were demonstrated in a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies, and artemisinin and its derivatives have been shown to be well-tolerated and safe in adults and children. Several million people have taken artemisinins to date, with no significant adverse or treatment-limiting effects being reported. Although neurotoxicity has been reported with supraphysiological doses in animals, it has not been documented in humans. Meta-analyses of malaria patients treated with artemisinins demonstrated that this drug class is safe. In rare cases, however, slight changes to haematology values have been seen, including a reduction in the number of reticulocytes as well as a slight increase in transaminase levels. These signs, however, do not generally give rise to any noticeable clinical manifestations. In rare cases, a slight but transient reduction in sinus heart rate has been observed. Abdominal cramps and mild diarrhoea have been reported at elevated doses. Thus, one might expect a similarly high degree of safety for the potential use of artesunate as an antiviral drug for HCMV infection. Thus, oral therapy with artesunate could be a beneficial option to the current therapies for the preemptive treatment of HCMV disease in SCT recipients.

The purpose of this study is to see if lobucavir is a safe and effective treatment for cytomegalovirus in patients with AIDS.

This study is designed to determine the influence of food on the absorption and relative bioavailability of oral ganciclovir by comparing the absorption of oral ganciclovir in a fed and fasting state at steady state plasma levels.

OBJECTIVES: I. Evaluate the efficacy of ganciclovir (12 mg/kg per day) versus no treatment in neonates with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection with central nervous system disease.

PRIMARY: To determine the pharmacokinetics, MTD, and long-term safety and tolerance of oral ganciclovir in HIV-infected infants, children, and adolescents. SECONDARY: To evaluate the effect of oral ganciclovir on the virologic parameters of CMV. Maintenance treatment with intravenous (IV) ganciclovir for cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients is now standard therapy, but daily IV therapy can be complicated by catheter infections and thrombosis. An oral regimen of ganciclovir has been administered safely in adult AIDS patients and may be of significant benefit to children and infants as well.

To find oral doses of FIAC (a pyrimidine nucleoside analog) that are effective in treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in HIV-infected immunocompromised patients; to determine tolerance and safety of FIAC in this patient population; and to determine pharmacokinetics following multiple doses of FIAC. (An example of another nucleoside analog effective against retroviruses such as HIV is zidovudine (AZT).) CMV infection is a medically significant opportunistic disease in patients with HIV-related infection. The purine nucleoside ganciclovir has been used to treat AIDS patients with CMV disease. Although ganciclovir is useful in treating CMV disease, such treatment is frequently complicated by hematologic (blood) toxicity. Also, treatment is difficult because it requires daily intravenous dosing. Test tube studies show that FIAC and its primary breakdown product FIAU are highly and specifically active against several viruses including CMV. A single-dose, pharmacokinetic (blood level) study showed that FIAC, when taken orally, is readily absorbed into the bloodstream, and most of it is converted to FIAU.

This study is about treatment options for cytomegalovirus infections in people who have received stem cell transplants. The main aim of the study is to check if the cytomegalovirus infection can no longer be detected after treatment with marivabir or valganciclovir. Participants will take 2 tablets of marivabir or valganciclovir and 2 tablets of placebo twice a day for 8 weeks. A placebo will look like marivabir or valganciclovir but will not have any medicine in it. After treatment, each participant will be followed up for up to 12 weeks. Participants will visit their study clinic up to 18 times during the study.