Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

Purpose: Using a novel oxygen blender prototype with modified bCPAP to manage children 1 month to 5 years of age hospitalized with respiratory distress due to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in low-resource settings is not associated with clinical failure within 1 hour of use. Aim: To investigate if this novel oxygen blender is safe to use among children 1 month to 5 years old hospitalized for respiratory distress from lower respiratory tract infections in a low-resource setting.

Appropriate use of antibiotics reduces resistance and protects patients from unnecessary harm. Important advances in antibiotic stewardship have been achieved in outpatient settings, but little is known about stewardship in the rapidly growing telehealth sector. Prior pragmatic randomized trials have shown that Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Core Element interventions constructed using insights from decision and social psychology can greatly reduce inappropriate prescribing in outpatient settings. In a randomized trial, the investigators will adapt and test two aspects of CDC Core Elements in a telehealth environment (Teladoc®), each with two levels of intensity. Teladoc® clinicians will be randomized to the following interventions: 1) Performance Feedback (Trending, Benchmark Peer Comparison), 2) Commitment (Private, Public), or 3) Control. All randomization occurs at the provider level, with the exception of the Public Commitment arm, which requires patient-facing content that is determined by patient state. Clinicians and members will see the same messages across all pages, all channels & all consults during the 12-month study period. The primary outcome is to assess change in antibiotic prescribing rate for qualifying acute respiratory infection visits (ARIs).

this is a double-blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. 200 healthy children aged 12-48 months, attending day care or preschool for at least 5 days a week, regularly checked by the family pediatrician (FP) involved in the trial, were considered for the study and consecutively contacted during scheduled medical examinations at the FPs office. study plan is 3-month treatment period. The clinical evaluation will be carried out at enrollment, at 30, 60 and 90 days from the beginning of the treatment by the pediatrician. fecal and nasal mucus samples for immunological and microbiological analysis will be collected before the treatment and at 90 days (end of treatment).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate overall changes in patient management and longer-term resource utilization between control and test arms, including (but not limited to) additional work-up (including other diagnostic tests and consults), antimicrobial treatments, disposition decisions and hospital length of stay (LOS)

The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) is introducing a new electronic tool for direct observation of compliance with recommended infection prevention and control measures in healthcare. The solution is called the National Tool for Observation of Infection Prevention Measures (NOST). NOST is a quality improvement tool that includes a web-based solution for observing compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene and other IPC measures. Through NOST, healthcare personnel will be able to identify the local level of compliance, which in turn can reveal areas for improvement. This protocol includes the evaluation of NOST in hospitals. The evaluation is designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial with two arms where eligible wards in hospitals are randomly allocated into an intervention and a control arm. NOST is implemented in the intervention wards at the start of the evaluation period, and compliance with hand hygiene and other outcomes are measured in both the interventions and control wards one year later. The objective of evaluating NOST is to: measure if implementation of NOST leads to improved infection prevention and control in the form of increased compliance with hand hygiene recommendations, and measure if changes in the quality of infection prevention and control as a result of implemented NOST affects the epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections in healthcare institutions and the length of hospital stays.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), neutralizing antibody and antidrug antibody (ADA) response for TNM001 in infants entering their first RSV season.

It has been well documented that coronavirus COVID-19 disease is associated with massive inflammatory response and cytokine storm. Several medications have been used to ameliorate COVID-19-related inflammation. Xanthohumol, a natural medication extracted from hop cones, possesses strong anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce the severity of inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of Xanthohumol on clinical course, inflammatory response and outcome in patients admitted to the ICU due to COVID-related acute respiratory failure with an oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) less than 150.

In the proposed study, the investigators plan to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ceftazidime Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium for Injection(2:1) for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract acute bacterial infection.

The present study aims to evaluate how commonly diagnostic tools employed in the preoperative evaluation of respiratory function in thoracic surgery can identify pathological alteration due to a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, the investigators will gather information concerning imaging (lung ct and lung ultrasound), arterial blood gas analysis, and pulmonary function tests.

Type I interferons (IFN-I) production is induced by the detection of viral molecules, such as RNA or DNA viral strands, through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) present on many immune cell types. Despite a minimal concentration, IFN-I secretion activate the secretion, by neighbouring cells, of more than 700 proteins with antiviral properties (inhibition of viral replication, destabilization of virus membranes, etc.). IFN-I constitute therefore one of the major first line of defence established by the immune system in response to viral infection. Briefly, during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several teams including ours, highlighted a lack of IFN-I response in approximately one in five individuals presenting a severe form of COVID-19. Interestingly, within a large part of them, in vitro investigations revealed the presence of autoantibodies presenting neutralizing capacities against alpha and/or omega interferons This finding confirms the deleterious role of anti-IFN-I autoantibodies on the antiviral immune response and the key role of IFN-I pathway regarding defences against COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, those observations pave the way to interesting research that would allow understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of severe viral respiratory infection. The research hypothesis are: i) IFN-I deficiency could induce severe forms of viral infections which could lead to intensive care admission ii) IFN-I deficiency could increase viral loads in nasopharyngeal samples, and be associated with protracted viral clearance iii) The frequency of viral co-infections may be higher in case of IFN-I antiviral pathway blockade, iv) severe forms of respiratory viruses' infections could be induced by other anti-cytokine autoantibodies. In addition to confirming research hypotheses recently mentioned, the aim of this clinical protocol will be to assess the impact of antiviral innate immune response alterations in severe respiratory infections.