Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

Vitamin A deficiency in children is associated with increased mortality and morbidity due to respiratory tract and diarrhoeal infections. Vitamin A supplementation has been shown in some studies to reduce morbidity due to respiratory diseases. However, other studies to reduce could not document such benefit from vitamin A supplementation. The role of vitamin A on immunity in humans is not yet clear due to inconclusive results. To evaluate immune changes and compare those with of a known immunopotent agent like zinc, a randomised double blind study will be carried out in 1-3 year aged children without acute illness and wt/age between 61% and 70% of NCHS standard. Baseline anthropometry and vitamin A status will be determined using MRDR test and immune status will be estimated. Each group consisting of 50 children will either receive vitamin A 200,000 IU over 7 days or 40 m elemental zinc daily for 7 days or both or placebo. After 8 weeks immunity test will be repeated. Immunity tests will include serum 1gA, 1gM, 1gG an lymphocyte simulation and 8 antigen multiple skin test. Undiminished children will be given measles vaccine and serum titre will be measured before and after supplementation. Vitamin A status will be estimated by MRDR test. Vitamin A2 will be given and 1ml blood sample will be collected after 5 hours to see the ratio of vitamin A1 and A2 (<0.06 as cut off) as the modified relative dose response (MRDR test). Doses of vitamin A or zinc will be repeated at the completion of 2 month. The results will be compared between groups and within groups at baseline and after 6 weeks. The study will generate information which will help to examine the immune response of vitamin A therapy in children as an underlying factor for reduction in mortality or morbidity. The study will be completed within a year.

Assesses the efficacy of treatment with montelukast 10 mg PO QD x 5 days versus placebo for the treatment of viral-induced upper respiratory infection in healthy adults aged 18-50 years.

Zinc deficiency in children is a major problem which leads to compromised immunity and accordingly repeated infections. This study aims to investigate the effect of supplementing zinc to decrease the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory illness in children between 6 months and 5 years in Paediatric Outpatient Clinic in Ain Shams University Hospital.

This is a Phase 2, randomized, multi-center study in approximately 300 adults who received 2 doses of aH5N1c or placebo in and completed the parent study V89_18 in the <65 years of age cohort. The study investigates whether two priming doses of MF59-adjuvanted H5N1 cell culture-derived vaccine (aH5N1c) followed by one or two booster vaccinations with a MF59-adjuvanted H5N6 cell culture derived vaccine (aH5N6c) 3 weeks apart elicit immune responses to the antigens used for priming (H5N1) and boosting (H5N6) after first and second heterologous booster vaccination. Eligible subjects, who received 2 doses of aH5N1c in the parent study V89_18 are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either two aH5N6c vaccinations, 3 weeks apart (group 1) or an aH5N6c vaccination on Day 1 and saline placebo on Day 22 (group 2). Eligible subjects, who received placebo in the parent study will receive two aH5N6c vaccinations, 3 weeks apart (group 3). After the second vaccine administration, subjects are monitored for approximately 6 months for safety and antibody persistence. The total study duration will be approximately 7 months per subject.

Rationale: Overuse of antibiotics globally is leading to increasing rates of antibiotic resistance and may lead to a 'post-antibiotic' era. Case fatality rates for pneumonia in children remain high in Central Asia and there is a lack of knowledge of which viruses and bacteria cause the disease. Antibiotic resistance patterns of common bacteria remain largely unknown in Central Asia which makes it challenging for clinicians to choose the right antibiotic to treat children with suspected bacterial pneumonia and sometimes healthcare workers overuse an antibacterial therapy even when the child does not need it. Randomised trials of using CRP point of care test (POCT) to guide antibiotic prescription for respiratory tract infections has been successful in lowering unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in adults in high income countries but left a small concern for safety in the form of possibly slightly increased risk of hospitalisation in the CRP group. Objective: This study seeks to gain evidence on whether use of C-reactive protein point-of-care test can safely decrease prescription of antibiotics for children under 12 with acute respiratory symptoms in primary level healthcare centres in Kyrgyzstan. Study design: Multicentre, open-label, individual randomised controlled clinical trial with 14 days blinded follow-up in rural Chui and Naryn regions of Kyrgyz Republic. Healthcare workers from ten selected healthcare centres will be trained in the CRP POCT and in interpreting the results in the field. Study population: Children aged from 6 month to 12 years attending the primary level healthcare centres during normal business hours with acute respiratory symptoms. Main study parameters: The proportion of patients in the two groups prescribed an antibiotic within 14 days of index consultation; length of disease, antibiotics given at index consultation, admissions and vital status. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Risks, inconvenience and burden associated with participating in this observational study are low. As part of the inclusion children in the CRP cluster group will have a finger-prick test performed. This may be unpleasant and course transient discomfort but poses no risks to the child. Follow-up will be three short phone calls day 3, 7 and 14 after inclusion. Risks includes possible undertreatment of serious disease, however previous studies have not found safety issues with CRP testing in children. There is no direct benefit to participants, but side effects and non-necessary medications are likely minimised.

This is a single-center open-label study to evaluate antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for upper airway decolonization in patients presenting with SARS-CoV-2 positive antigen test with mild or no symptoms of COVID-19.

Vitamin D intervention effects on the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections among Young Finnish Men

The most common infections in schools are acute respiratory infections (colds, pharyngitis, influenza and others) and diarrheal diseases. The incidence of these infections may also be an important cause of school absenteeism, leading to negative outcomes in both education and health. WHO states that handwashing a well-known primary infection control measure, is the most important hygiene measure to prevent the spread of infection when handwashing is done with soap and water. Since behavioral choices that determine lifestyle are made in childhood, it is important that health education in hand hygiene be implemented as early as possible to improve healthy behaviors. In this context, schools are important structures for information and behavior change about water, sanitation and hygiene interventions. Planned Behavior Theory (PBT) states that intention is the main precursor of behavior. According to the theory, intention is guided by three independent variables (perceived behavior control, attitudes and subjective norms), and intention formation leads to the development of behavior. The theory has been used in a study to improve hand hygiene behavior in health workers, but it has not been used in the literature to improve hygiene behaviors in children. Researches indicate that students who do not attend school frequently or for a long time have difficulty in mastering the subject described in the lesson and that school absenteeism is an issue that should be emphasized in education. Therefore, hand hygiene has a simultaneous effect that improves both education and health and contributes to a safe and healthy learning environment. The aim of this research is; To test the effect of hand hygiene intervention program based on Planned Behavior Theory on students' health outcomes and school absenteeism.

HYPOTHESES: That infants receiving PHiD-CV10 as a booster at 12 months of age, compared to controls having no PHiD-CV10 booster (i.e. standard PCV13), will have higher HiD antibody levels, lower carriage of NTHi, and less tympanic membrane perforation at 18 and 36 months of age. That infants receiving PCV13 as a booster at 12 months of age, compared to controls having no PCV13 (i.e. PHiD-CV10 booster) will have higher antibody levels to serotypes 3, 6A and 19A, less carriage of these serotypes, and less tympanic membrane perforation at 18 and 36 months of age.

Hypothesis: Use of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis can effectively prevent common infections (gastrointestinal and respiratory) in healthy children who attend day care centre This study is a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled parallel study in healthy children attending day care centers. The study will investigate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the incidence and duration of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and absence from day care due to infections. The test product is a sachet containing 1 gram of powder. The test product will contain minimum 1 billion CFU (colony forming units) of probiotic per serving. The placebo product is an identical product except for the absence of probiotics. The study includes 3 months (90 days) of intervention period. The study product will be consumed daily in the evening together with a meal. The consumption of the study products will be taken under the surveillance of the parents. During the entire intervention period the subjects are not allowed to consume any probiotic products other than the study products supplied to them by the study personnel. Data on infections will be recorded in a diary, filled in and administered by the parents and diary recorded by referring physician (on-call log). All infections are to be diagnosed by the local physician. The incidence of infections will be analyzed based on the information recorded in the diaries (parent's & physician's).