Active clinical trials for "Respiratory Tract Infections"

This study will evaluate how the immune system responds to influenza infection and compare how the infection differs in patients with a weakened immune system versus those with a healthy immune system. Patients at the NIH Clinical Center who are older than 2 years of age and who are diagnosed with influenza A or B may be eligible for this study. Patients with healthy immune systems and weakened immune systems are included. Participants answer questions about how they are feeling and have a physical examination to evaluate their symptoms. Blood and nasal fluid are collected on the first day and then every other day for a total of 8 days. Nasal fluid is collected by either inserting a small tube in the nose and washing the nose with salt water and collecting the fluid obtained, or by rubbing the inside of the nose with a swab. Physical examinations are repeated on the days that blood and nasal fluid are collected.

Antimicrobial resistance has become a world-wide problem and antibiotic consumption is a major driving force for the development of resistance. Thus optimization of antibiotic prescription and reduction of unnecessary antimicrobial treatment are essential in the prevention and reduction of antimicrobial resistance rates. The goal of this study is the improvement of antibiotic prescription in outpatient care. The study will take place within a Swiss-wide sentinel surveillance network of physicians. The participating physicians will be randomised in a control and intervention group. The intervention group will receive therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and lower urinary tract infection as well as regular feed-backs on the prescription pattern of the sentinel physicians during the past months. Sentinel physicians will collect information about each antibiotic prescription, its indication and characteristics of the patient. Our hypothesis is that the prescription pattern in the intervention group will be optimised and unnecessary antibiotic therapy will be reduced compared to the control group.

This study examines the cold processes of children aged 6 to less than 14. Children will be seen by the study staff 6 days in a row during the course of their naturally-acquired colds. Nasal secretions will be examined for chemicals that the body creates during a cold. Skin cells will be collected by brushing the inside of the child's cheek with a small brush. The cells will be examined for genes that may hold control the creation of these chemicals.

The investigators hypothesize that Klacid modified release (MR) shortens symptom recovery time in Thai patients with upper or lower respiratory tract infections.

This study is to test whether a chlorine dioxide gas-generating device, which releases a low concentration gas of chlorine dioxide in a sustained manner, can protect against respiratory infections in elderly individuals living in nursing homes. Such a device is used as a deodorant for normal domestic purposes. The investigators reasoned that the antiviral and antibacterial properties of chlorine dioxide might lead to a lowering in the incidence of respiratory infectious diseases. The study is designed as a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover multicentre trial involving approximately 1500 subjects.

This study is intended to address the association between vitamin D status and seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 in healthy young adults. The primary aim of the study is to determine the rates of 'silent' seroconversion rates, consistent with asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, in a young healthy adult population with a wide spread of vitamin D concentrations. The secondary aims of this study are to explore: Any effect of vitamin D status on symptomatic illness. The background 'point' prevalence and subsequent rate of increase in seropositivity for SARS-CoV-2 in healthy young adults. The individual reductions in seropositivity to SARS-CoV-2 over time, and changes in seropositivity in a defined young adult population over time. Where salivary Immunoglobulin A (IgA) may be used to provide an alternative/ complementary serological method The effect (if any) of vitamin D supplementation on seroconversion rates stratified by: i) level of baseline vitamin D 'deficiency/ insufficiency/ sufficiency' status; ii) extent of BMI-defined normal/overweight/obesity cut-offs and iii) gender.

this study evaluates the use of Kagocel for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and influenza during the epidemic rise in morbidity in Russia in the 2017-2018 season (epidemiology: number of cases during the period of taking Kagocel and follow-up, severity of the disease, bacterial exacerbations, number of repeated episodes (reinfection); patients demography; safety) in health care workers who are at risk.

Currently, the tools available for assessing peripheral muscle dysfunction in the intensive care setting require patient collaboration. Several studies have shown that peripheral muscle ultrasound is capable of reliably detecting morphological changes in critically ill patients, in addition to contributing to the identification of patients at higher risk of prolonged complications, especially when performed daily. In this sense, a valid, non-volitional alternative capable of determining muscle mass is through ultrasound assessment. However, current studies are characterized by a lack of standardization in their protocols, which include proper positioning of limbs, transducer, clear reference points and techniques for better visualization of the assessed muscle, in addition to significant methodological defects and inadequate sample sizes. We believe that, together with a tool capable of determining muscle mass and being a safe and non-invasive method, we can contribute to a more complete assessment of these patients, exploring outcomes such as survival, length of stay in the ICU, extubation success and functional capacity. In addition to having the potential to serve as a biomarker of muscle strength during rehabilitation, given little knowledge about the long-term physical consequences of COVID-19, thus promoting a more complete assessment, exploring morphological characteristics of the peripheral muscles resulting from the hospitalization process. and assisting the physiotherapist in clinical decision making in rehabilitation.

Respiratory infections such as colds, flu and pneumonia affect millions of people around the world every year. Most cases are mild, but some people become very unwell. Influenza ('flu') is one of the most common causes of lung infection. Seasonal flu affects between 10% and 46% of the population each year and causes around 12 deaths in every 100,000 people infected. In addition, both influenza and coronaviruses have caused pandemics in recent years, leading to severe disease in many people. Although flu vaccines are available, these need to change every year to overcome rapid changes in the virus and are not completely protective. This study aims to find and develop predictive tests to better understand how and when flu-like illness progresses to more severe disease. This may help to decide which people need to be admitted to hospital, and how their treatment needs to be increased or decreased during infection. The aim is to recruit 100 patients admitted to hospital due to a respiratory infection. It is voluntary to take part and participants can choose to withdraw at any time. The study will involve some blood and nose samples. This will be done on Day 0, Day 2 and Discharge from hospital, and an out-patient follow-up visit on Day 28. The data will be used to develop novel diagnostic tools to assist in rational treatment decisions that will benefit both individual patients and resource allocation. It will also establish research preparedness for upcoming pandemics.

Rationale and Background: Since 2013, Butantan Institute has been performing passive pharmacovigilance activities related to its triavalent, fragmented and inactivated vaccine (IB TIV). Objetive: To conduct an active surveillance study focusing on the elderly and health care professionals as part of Butantan pharmacovigilance plan, while passive surveillance activities will continue. The pharmacovigilance plan, via active surveillance, is being implemented in response to WHO requirements for pre-qualification of IB TIV.