Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Appropriate delivery of adequate nutrition and medications in premature infants often requires central venous access in the form of a special IV called a PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter). While a necessary feature of neonatal intensive care, PICCs pose significant risk: among the most serious of these is infection. One common, successful infection control practice used in older children and adults involves the use of a lock, in which a fluid-filled syringe is attached to the end of an IV when it is not in use in order to prevent and/or treat clotting or infection. The solution is left for some period of time and is then either withdrawn from the line or flushed into the patient. The solution could be saline, antibiotics, other antiseptics, or any combination of these. However in the premature infant, use of antibiotics as a locking compound risks leaving behind organisms resistant to treatment; antiseptics can irritate vessels and cause breakage to sensitive premature skin; saline has neither sterilization nor anti-infective properties. By contrast, ethanol neutralizes or kills most bacteria, viruses, and fungi without the risk of resistance, and because it is not externally applied there is no risk to baby skin. Ethanol-based lock protocols have been used safely and effectively in both adult and pediatric populations without adverse effects, but this has not been tested in premature babies because fluids and medication are delivered continuously: placement of a lock traditionally requires an extended pause (hours or days) in fluid and medication administration. To overcome these key limitations, a periodic, brief ethanol lock protocol was designed such that both infant exposure and interruptions to fluid and medication delivery would be minimized. The lock is practical, cheap, easy to place, and takes advantage of an existing daily pause during which IV tubing and fluids hooked up to the PICC are changed. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that use of a 70% ethanol lock, every 3rd day, for 15 minutes, will safely and effectively reduce PICC infection in our unit.

This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of ABT-450 (also known as paritaprevir) with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) and ABT-267 (also known as ombitasvir) in adult Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (HCV GT1b) or genotype 2 (HCV GT2) infection who were previous treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (pegIFN/RBV).

Randomized, Parallel Group, Active Controlled Trial to compare effectiveness and tolerability of 2 different vaginal formulations containing 200mg clotrimazole and clindamycin phosphate equivalent to 100mg clindamycin for 3 days in women clinically diagnosed to have infective vaginitis.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 12-weeks of treatment with TMC435 plus pegylated interferon alfa-2a (PegIFNα-2a) and ribavirin (RBV) in previously untreated adult participants with genotype 1 or genotype 4 chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection.

This is a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter, prospective study to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of eravacycline compared with ertapenem in the treatment of adult complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI).

The study aims to investigate bacteriological efficacy of a nitrofurantoin formulation given twice daily for seven days in the treatment of adult patients with microbiologically confirmed uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Additional study objectives are to evaluate clinical efficacy as well as safety and tolerability of the nitrofurantoin formulation.

This was a multi-center, multi-national, double-blind, randomized, comparator-controlled study of plazomicin administered intravenously compared with levofloxacin, a standard approved intravenous therapy for complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and acute pyelonephritis (AP).

A common concern in any surgical procedure is the occurrence of infection. Silver-containing treatments are popular and used in wound treatment; however, there is presently little evidence of the effectiveness of silver-containing treatment for the prevention of obstetrical wound infection. We plan to investigate the rate of infection in women experiencing cesarean sections at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) by comparing the infection rate based on a randomized choice of silver-containing wound dressings to soft cloth adhesive wound dressings.

Evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of WC2031 200 mg tablets taken orally once a day for 7 days versus Vibramycin (doxycycline) 100 mg capsules taken orally twice a day for 7 days, for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Primary efficacy endpoint is microbiological cure at Day 28. Safety assessments are adverse events, changes in vital signs and laboratory test results.

The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a 250 mg BID oral dose of JNJ-32729463 compared with linezolid in subjects with complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs).