Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Helicobacter pylori infection has been shown to be associated with the development of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer diseases. Eradication of H. pylori infection could reduce the occurence or recurrence of these diseases. However, it was estimated that 15-20% of patients would fail from first line standard eradication therapy and need second line rescue therapy. About 15-30% of patient would fail from second line therapy and need to be rescued with third line therapy. The commonly used salvage regimens include: Bismuth based quadruple therapy (combined with ranitidine or proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) plus two antibiotics) Levofloxacin or moxifloxacin or rifabutin based triple therapy. However, Bismuth is not available in many countries and the administration method is complex. Its usage is limited by the high pill number and low compliance rate. In recent years, the concept of sequential therapy has been advocated in the treatment of H. pylori infection. The regimen includes a PPI plus amoxicillin for five days, followed by a PPI plus clarithromycin and metronidazole for another five days. The eradication rate in the first line treatment of sequential therapy had been reported to be as high as 90%. More importantly, it has been demonstrated that the eradication rate among patients with clarithromycin-resistant strains could be as high as 89%. Aims: Therefore, the investigators aim to assess the efficacy of levofloxacin-based sequential therapy as second line therapy for those who fail from one standard eradication therapy.

The main study is a single arm, open-label, prospective study to assess antiretroviral activity and tolerability of etravirine (TMC-125) 400 mg once daily, given with fixed-dose tenofovir/emtricitabine, in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected men and women. There are also a genital secretions pharmacokinetic (PK) sub-study and a metabolic sub-study. The purpose of the genital secretions PK sub-study is to gain information about drug levels and HIV-1 RNA in genital secretions when subjects are taking etravirine. The purpose of the metabolic sub-study is to learn about the effects of etravirine on body composition, as well as lipid and glucose levels.

The purpose of this study is to determine if the 2 gram single dose of metronidazole is as effective as the 7 day 500 mg BID dose for treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among HIV-infected women.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of doripenem in participants with nosocomial pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs in which the lungs become heavy; pneumonia occurring at least 48 hours after hospital admission), complicated intra-abdominal (in belly) infections and complicated urinary tract infections (bladder infections).

There are currently no published data on the efficacy of the chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing to reduce catheter-related bloodstream infections (BSI) in hemodialysis patients. The researchers perfomed a cross-over intervention trial on patients who were dialyzed through central venous catheters at two outpatient dialysis centers were enrolled. The use of a chlorhexidine-impregnated foam dressing was incorporated into the catheter care protocol during the intervention period. A nested cohort study of all patients who received the foam dressing was also conducted to determine independent risk factors for development of BSI. The primary outcomes were the catheter-related bloodstream infection rates in the intervention and control groups. Secondary outcomes include the clinical sepsis rates between the two groups and risk factors for development of bloodstream infection despite the use of the foam dressing.

The main goals of the study are as follows: (1) to determine the correlation between pain management using continuous infusion of local anesthetics and the incidence of pneumonia and surgical infection in cardiac surgery patients; and (2) to evaluate the relationship between hospital-acquired pneumonia and surgical infection and patient outcomes, including length of hospital stay.

To assess and compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin extended-release (CIPRO XR) tablet 1000 mg PO once-daily (OD) versus ciprofloxacin immediate-release (CIPRO IR) tablet 500 mg PO twice-daily (BID) for 7-14 days in patients with complicated and/or nosocomial urinary tract infections (cUTI).

The purpose of this study is: To assess and characterize the PK and PD of PRO 140 administered IV To assess the antiviral activity of PRO 140 To assess the safety and tolerability of PRO 140

Our hypothesis is that treatment of known Ureaplasma spp. infection of the airways in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with azithromycin will eradicate the organisms and lessen the proinflammatory state caused by infection that puts them at risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). We propose to conduct a randomized trial of early (less than 3 days of age) treatment with intravenous azithromycin versus expectant management for VLBW infants with Ureaplasma spp. respiratory tract infection with the following specific aims: (1) Determine microbiological efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety of azithromycin treatment for eradication of Ureaplasma spp. in preterm infants, (2) Determine the respiratory outcomes of infants in the two treatment groups and those without respiratory tract Ureaplasma spp. infection

To determine the effect of scar tissue removal on the rate of infection and any other complications such as bleeding in patients with an ICD or pacemaker who have the device generator or leads replaced or repositioned.