Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of presatovir on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) viral load in RSV-positive adults who have been hospitalized with acute respiratory infectious symptoms. Participants will receive 1 dose of presatovir on Day 1 and followed for 27 days postdose. Nasal swabs will be collected at each study visit (excluding Day 28) and assayed for change in viral load as the primary endpoint.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a treatment regimen of 12 weeks or 8 weeks of simeprevir in combination with sofosbuvir in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infected men and women without cirrhosis who are HCV treatment-naïve or treatment-experienced.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effect of intravenous polyspecific immunoglobulin G (IVIG) compared with placebo (saline) on the patient-reported outcome measure Physical Component Summary Score (PCS) of the SF-36 in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Ceftazidime Avibactam compared to Doripenem for treating hospitalized patients with complicated urinary tract infections, including acute pyelonephritis

This is a prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing daptomycin to vancomycin in the Emergency Department (ED) treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infection in the Rapid Diagnosis and Treatment Center (RDTC). In brief, a convenience sample of patients who are admitted to the RDTC cellulitis protocol in the ED will be randomized to either vancomycin, which is currently an accepted care standard in the RDTC cellulitis protocol, or daptomycin, which is the experimental treatment in this study. The primary hypothesis is that daptomycin treatment is as efficacious as standard therapy in the treatment of ED cellulitis.

A CVC is a sterile flexible tube that allows a drug to flow from a bottle or bag directly into a patient's bloodstream. CVCs may cause infections when bacteria gets into the catheter and enters the bloodstream. They also have a risk of becoming clogged. When this occurs, the CVC usually needs to be replaced. The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if an antimicrobial catheter lock solution can make it possible for the CVC to stay in place while treating an infection with antibiotics. The safety of the solution will also be tested. Your outcome will be compared to the outcome of patients who had the same type of infection but had their CVC removed. The antimicrobial catheter lock solution is made up of 3 chemicals: Minocycline and ethanol are designed to disinfect the CVC. Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate is designed to prevent the CVC from clogging.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with ACH-0143102 and ribavirin in genotype 1b (GT1b), treatment-naive, hepatitis C virus (HCV) participants.

This study will test the safety and tolerability of HCV Entry Inhibitor ITX 5061 in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C infection. The investigators hypothesize that ITX 5061 oral monotherapy will be safe in adults during and after liver transplantation and that therapy will also inhibit HCV infection of newly transplanted livers in adults with prior HCV infection.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a major health problem that particularly affects individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. Standard treatment for people with HIV and CHC is a 48-week course of pegylated-interferon alfa 2a (peg-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV), but better treatments are needed for those who either do not respond to the drugs or who relapse after treatment. Nitazoxanide has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration primarily to treat diarrhea caused by parasites, and it has been studied in the treatment of CHC infection. However, it has not been tested in persons infected with HIV and CHC co-infection. Researchers are interested in determining whether nitazoxanide is a safe and tolerable treatment for CHC in individuals with HIV. Objectives: - To assess the safety and tolerability of using nitazoxanide to treat chronic hepatitis C infection in individuals with HIV who have not responded to standard treatment for hepatitis C. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been diagnosed with both HIV and chronic hepatitis C, and who have either not responded to or relapsed after previous hepatitis C treatment. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical examination and medical history; blood and urine tests; imaging studies; possible heart, lung, and psychological tests; and a liver biopsy if one has not been done in the past 3 years. Participants will receive nitazoxanide, the medication being studied, to take by mouth for 4 weeks, and will provide blood samples during this time. After 4 weeks, participants will receive the first dose of peg-IFN and RBV. Participants will have weekly injections of peg-IFN and continue to take nitazoxanide and RBV by mouth for 48 weeks. Individuals who are slow to respond to this combined CHC treatment (nitazoxanide, peg-IFN, and RBV) by week 12 will continue to have the combined treatment for an extended period, a total of 72 weeks. Participants will have study visits to provide blood samples and have other tests two times in the first month of combined treatment, and then at months 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 19; and month 25 only in participants slow to respond to combined treatment. Some participants who are on specific HIV treatment regimens may enroll in a substudy that will require three separate 12-hour visits for repeated blood samples and other tests during the initial 4-week nitazoxanide treatment.

Neonatal sepsis (serious infection) continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn period around the world. India, with one of the world's largest populations, continues to struggle with extremely high infant and neonatal mortality rates. Sepsis accounts for 50% of deaths among community born (and 20% of mortality among hospital-born) infants. Closely linked with this is a burgeoning problem of antimicrobial resistance, which is increasingly restricting the therapeutic options for medical care providers. Friendly bacteria called "Probiotics" have been used in multiple infectious and inflammatory disease states in humans. Fructooligosaccharides are sugars found naturally in many fruits and vegetables and also in human breast milk. These sugars reach the colon undigested and serve as food for the friendly bacteria. The current study uses a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharides as an attempt to prevent neonatal infections. Currently no conclusive data are available on the utility of probiotics in such conditions. If successful, such inexpensive preventive therapy can be made available to general public in resource poor countries. Similar preparations can also be used in the western world to prevent similar infectious conditions of the neonatal period, especially in preterm infants where sepsis continues to be a major cause of hospital stay and death.