Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed combination of azithromycin 1.5% + 0.5% Loteprednol eye drops for the treatment of ocular inflammation and infection associated bacterial blepharitis and / or keratitis and / or conjunctivitis compared with the individual administration of azithromycin 1.5% and 0.5% Loteprednol (separately).

To explore the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogue in late pregnancy and the safety of the antiviral drug to fetus.To establish the best therapy strategy to pregnant women with high level of HBV DNA.

PROBIC Rationale: Procalcitonin measurements can reduce the number of blood cultures in the ICU. Objective: The investigators suggest that PCT is a marker for blood stream infection in all patients in the ICU in whom attending physicians/ intensivists order blood culturing in the suspicion of microbial infection. The investigators want to demonstrate that its use for guiding blood culturing is cost-effective and safe compared with blood cultures alone. Study design: Prospective, non- inferiority, multicenter, single-blinded, cluster- randomised cross-over clinical trial. Intervention (if applicable): The intensive care units will be allocated into two groups: a control group (blood culture) and the intervention group (procalcitonin). Main study parameters/endpoints: Safety, expressed as mortality at day 28 and 90, with a mortality difference not exceeding a between groups difference of 10% by non-inferiority analysis. Cost-effectiveness, expressed in euro, calculated by deducting costs of procalcitonin testing from saved blood cultures compared with standard treatment spending on blood cultures in the control group. ICIS Rationale: The aim was to evaluate the Intensive Care Infection Score (ICIS) in predicting microbial infection and its sequelae in critically ill patients in whom attending physicians/ intensivists order blood culturing in the suspicion of microbial infection. Objective: Because of the complexity of the pathophysiology of systemic inflammation it is unlikely that a single parameter will have sufficient diagnostic accuracy for infection. Therefore we will study combining parameters producing a diagnostic score. Study design: Prospective, multicenter, cohort trial. Supplement for the control arm of the ProBIC study. Intervention (if applicable): Blood is drawn for daily routine laboratory measurements and collected in K3EDTA aliqnots. The ICIS score is composed of five blood-cell derived parameters which can be extracted using the same aliqnots. Main study parameters/endpoints: To develop and evaluate a blood- cell derived score to enable the diagnosis of microbial infection, its likelihood, its invasiveness and severity.

This cluster-randomized prospective study will evaluate the effect of hygiene-based intervention strategies on the incidence of overall SSTI and MRSA-associated SSTI among military trainees. The proposed interventions used singly or in combination include standardized training and education, and weekly chlorhexidine showers.

The goals of our study are to critically evaluate if a healthy population supplemented with Transfer factor experiences fewer incidences of colds and flu, or experience shorter duration of illness compared to an identical population taking placebo. In this study we will give either Transfer factor or a placebo to two groups of healthy adult men and women for a period of 7 weeks in a double-blind experimental design. The frequency and duration of colds and flu-like symptoms will be recorded during the course of the study. Saliva samples will be collected weekly and assessed for salivary IgA secretion rate. Data from this study will establish the efficacy of Transfer Factor to support a healthy immune system.

The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of a dilute betadine solution in reducing infectious complications in revision total knee arthroplasty. The investigators will enroll patients who are scheduled to undergo a revision total knee arthroplasty. Patients will be randomized into two groups. The treatment group will receive a dilute betadine lavage prior to surgical closure for 3 minutes followed by 2000ml of sterile saline irrigation and the control group will receive the 2000ml sterile saline lavage alone.

The specific objectives of this investigation are to assess the effectiveness of daily gargling and vitamin D supplementation as preventative measures against incident upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in students attending McMaster University. Investigators hypothesize that Vitamin D3 supplementation will decrease the incidence of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections in university students Gargling will decrease the incidence of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections in university students.

The purpose of this study is to collect pharmacokinetic (PK) information related to how well intravenous Posaconazole (POS IV), is distributed in the body and to determine the safety and tolerability of this new formulation. In addition, the PK, safety, and tolerability of switching from taking POS IV to taking Posaconazole Oral Suspension (POS Oral) will be evaluated. The data collected in this study will be compared to data collected in previous studies. Individuals who have been diagnosed by their physicians with a blood disease or cancer that can affect their infection-fighting white blood cells will be asked to participate in the trial. Since these blood diseases and their treatments can weaken the immune system, they may put these individuals at a high risk for getting a serious fungal infection of their internal organs or blood (invasive fungal infection). As these fungal infections can be hard to detect early and can be life-threatening, many physicians believe that individuals diagnosed with these diseases should receive antifungal therapy to try to lower their risk of getting this type of infection. Enrollment into this study will take place in several stages (cohorts). The determination of which cohort an individual will be asked to participate in is based on which cohort is open at the site at the time the individual is approached to consider study participation.

This phase III, multi-centre, comparative, double-blind, randomized trial on 2 parallel groups is designed to evaluate a strategy for the prevention of HIV infection including "on demand" antiretroviral pre-exposure with Truvada versus placebo, associated with overall prevention (counselling, condoms, sexually transmitted diseases (STD) screening, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccinations and post-exposure treatment of HIV infection) in men who have sex with men (MSM), exposed to the risk of HIV infection. Indeed recent studies have reported a higher incidence of new HIV infection in MSM as compared to the general population, new approaches to the prevention of HIV infection are, therefore, necessary in order to consider the limits of current strategies.

Immunoprophylaxis failure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) leading to vertical transmission remains a concern and has been reported in approximately 8-15% of infants born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mothers with high levels of HBV DNA. Maternal HBV DNA > 6log10 copies/mL (or >200,000 IU/mL) is the major risk for the mother-to-child transmission. Prior observational studies have shown that antiviral therapy including lamivudine or telbivudine use during late pregnancy can safely reduce the rate of vertical transmission in this special population compared to untreated patients. Tenofovir Disoproxil (TDF), a pregnancy category B medication, reduces HBV DNA and normalizes serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) with few adverse effects. Two aspects on tenofovir use in pregnancy will be evaluated prospectively in this study: The data on its tolerability and safety in HBeAg+ pregnant women with HBV DNA > 6log10 copies/mL (or > 200,000 IU/mL) during late pregnancy and infants. Its efficacy in the reduction of HBV vertical transmission rate.