Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and its effect over the secreting immunoglobulin A in the feces with the use of probiotics of the strain Lactobacillus acidophilus boucardii vs. Multispecies in premature newborns weighting less than 1500 g.

The purpose of the Swedish Prison Program which started back in 1987 and up until 2009 was called "The Social Medicine Remand Prison Project" is to target injecting drug users (IDU) with primary and secondary health interventions with regards to injecting and sexual risk behaviours and infectious diseases such as hepatitis C and B, HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). The overall aim is to assess the effect of different prevention efforts on HIV/HCV risk behaviour and disease outcome among IDUs over time.

A phase II trial multicenter, observer-blind, randomized, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a single intramuscular injection of plant-derived Seasonal VLP Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine administered to healthy adults 18-49 years of age. A total of three hundred subjects will be randomized in four (4) groups of 75 subjects to receive one injection of either a low, a medium, or a high dose level of the quadrivalent VLP influenza vaccine or the placebo preparation (100 millimolar (mM) phosphate buffer + 150 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) + 0.01% Tween 80).

The aim of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the efficiency of hand scrubbing by Povidone-Iodine solution 10% over 7.5% concentration in decreasing post-cesarean section wound infections & compare side effects of both agents.

The investigators would like to know if the use of vaginally applied estrogen can prevent the problem of repeated urinary tract infections (UTI) in women who have gone through menopause. The investigators will use two forms of vaginal estrogen that are available by prescription (a ring and a cream) and compare their efficacy to that of a placebo (without any active ingredient). The investigators are going to look at if the vaginal estrogen can prevent UTIs altogether and also the number of UTIs each group experiences over a 6 month period. After 6 months, all subjects will receive vaginal estrogen and the women on the non-active treatment will be able to choose whether they would like to use either the estrogen ring or cream. The investigators will then be able to compare the number of UTIs on and off active vaginal estrogen treatment within those subjects who started on the placebo. The investigators are also going to look at quality of life before and during treatment using questionnaires and whether subjects stop using the treatments or do not use them as directed (compliance).

This study is designed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of 5 different formulations of V114 in healthy adults and infants. Adults only will be enrolled in Period 1 and infants only will be enrolled in Period 2; Period 1 will complete prior to the start of Period 2.

Over the years, it has become clear that the first-line triple therapy is losing efficacy worldwide. A capsule containing 3 agents (Pylera®) containing 125mg metronidazole, 140mg bismuth subcitrate potassium, and 125mg tetracycline was made available. The efficacy of the Pylera capsule was studied in a randomized control trial, in which a quadruple Pylera therapy (Pylera capsule and a PPI) was evaluated against the standard triple regimen. In the study, 3 three-in-one capsules were taken four times daily (after meals and at bedtime). Given the above, we aim at assessing the effectiveness of fewer pills per day of the Pylera capsule (3 Pylera capsules supplemented with the addition of amoxicillin and esomeprazole twice daily; sum of 10 pills/day for 10 days) in the eradication of H. pylori.

Pneumonia is one of the most prevalent diseases in infants and children. The incidence of pneumonia in children less than 5 years old is about 34-40 cases per 1000 in Europe and America and more than 2 million children die of pneumonia annually. It was reported that Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 13%-53% of lower respiratory tract infections in different age group of infants or children. In addition, 7%-9% of bacterial meningitis was due to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. In addition, children infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae often transmit the pathogens to adult. As a result, it is evident that Streptococcus pneumoniae presents a heavy burden to paediatrics practice. Vaccination of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines is effective in preventing Streptococcus pneumonia .Routine use of PCV7 in the US has rapidly reduced rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. The impact of the vaccine was noted within 1 year of introduction. According to Centre for Disease Control's (CDC) Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children <5 years dropped 75% from 1998/1999 to 2005; disease caused by vaccine-type strains fell 94% from 80 to 4.6 per 100,000. Currently there are two immunization schedules: manufacturer recommended the 3+1 schedule and many countries adopted a 3 dose schedule, either 3+0 or 2+1 schedules. In US, it is recommended to give three doses during infancy (scheduled at 2, 4, 6 month) plus one dose at 12-15 months (3+1 schedule). Since several studies have demonstrated that two doses may provide similar direct protection to three conjugate doses during infancy, it is recommended to give two doses during infancy plus a booster dose 12 months in some European countries including United Kingdom. In this trial, the immunogenicity of the 3+1 schedule and the 2+1 schedule of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine in young infants will be compared.

Invasive Aspergillus infection (IAI) occasionally occurs in immunocompromised people. Except administrating empirical anti-fungal agent, using objective parameters to support the tentative diagnosis of an IAI in order to make the anti-fungal treatment more specifically is also important. At present, serum galactomannan (GM) test is the less-invasive, non-cultural, and time-saving examination for augmenting a diagnosis of Aspergillosis. It was suggested by Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) 2008 as a screening and monitoring tool for Aspergillosis , and the cut-off value was adjusted to 0.5 by USA FDA . However, in clinical practice, GM seems not to have good predicted value even the sensitivity and specificity are declaimed more than 80% . Other controversial issues include the reproducibility of GM5 and the effect of piperacillin-tazobactam or other antibiotics on the accuracy of GM baseline In this study, serum GMs are examined in two conditions, one is collected for establishing a baseline and the other is collected after piperacillin-tazobactam administration. We hope to confirm the validity of GM baseline and the effect of piperacillin-tazobactam on GM value in Taiwan.

The study is an open label, multicenter, randomized (three arms: DOT (standard control), SAT, SAT with SMS reminders) controlled clinical trial. The trial is conducted in patients diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) who are recommended for treatment. The primary objective is to evaluate adherence to a three-month (12-dose) regimen of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3RPT/INH) given by directly observed therapy (DOT) compared to self-administered therapy (SAT). The secondary objectives: To compare the treatment completion rates between participants randomized to SAT without reminders versus SAT with weekly SMS reminders To evaluate the timing of doses and patterns of adherence to once weekly RPT/INH among participants who complete treatment and those who discontinue therapy prior to completion. To determine the availability and acceptability of using SMS reminders among all patients consenting to participate in the study. To determine the toxicity and tolerability by comparing the rates of any drug-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events or death between the DOT arm and the SAT arms (both combined and individually) To compare the frequency, timing, and causes for failure to complete treatment between the DOT arm and the SAT arms To collect patient-specific cost data related to the 3 treatment arms To describe the pattern of antituberculosis drug resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains cultured from participants who develop active TB.