Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The incidence of Urinary tract infections (UTIs) is very high in kidney transplant patients. Most UTIs occur during the first six months (82% within the first three months) of kidney transplantation and are frequently recurrent. The component D-mannose of our authorized food supplement acts by inhibiting the adherence of E.coli to the urothelium. It also has a controlled release formula that ensures the presence in urine of D-mannose and the other components during 24 hours. This is the reason why this experimental study aims to demonstrate that the oral intake of this food supplement is effective in the prevention of UTIs in kidney transplant patients.

Vitamin D intervention effects on the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections among Young Finnish Men

The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of an enzyme containing lozenge on dental plaque accumulation in healthy adults.

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is an effective prevention strategy in which HIV-negative individuals take antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine - TDF/FTC) to reduce HIV acquisition. Clinical studies have shown that the TDF/FTC combination protects MSM and transgender women against HIV infection. According to the PROUD study, PrEP can decrease the risk of HIV infection among MSM by 86% (90% CI 64-96). The international community recognizes that PrEP can be an additional tool in the framework of a combination prevention package for those most at risk of contracting HIV. Data on HIV incidence among MSM and trans women are largely unknown. In Brazil, Mexico and Peru, data on the incidence of HIV among MSM and trans women are very scarce, limited to small cross-sectional studies.Current methods used to determine HIV-1 incidence have many limitations. These methods include mathematical modeling, retrospective calculations of AIDS case reports, age-based prevalence determinations, and prevalence determinations with multiple rounds of longitudinal surveys to estimate HIV incidence, which require numerous assumptions and inputs and can pose additional challenges in the era of expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased survival of HIV-1 infected individuals. On the other hand, prospective longitudinal cohort studies of high-risk individuals can be used to estimate incidence; however, they are often labor-intensive, complex, very expensive, difficult to implement in most countries, and have recruitment biases. Laboratory methods can be unbiased and do not require complicated assumptions and case-by-case weighting. The cross-sectional use of Recent HIV Infection Tests (TRIs) based on biomarkers offers, in principle, accessible, reliable and low risk of bias options for estimating incidence.

The Ghana study will hypothesize that both the multiple dose and single dose of mebendazole will achieve effective cure rates against hookworm among children and adolescents. This study is intended to be a pilot study for a planned Phase 3 registration trial of a new drug for hookworm, tribendimidine.

Antibiotic resistance has emerged world wide and is of major concern. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is widely spread and is now a major factor in morbidity and mortality in health-care settings. Among MDRs, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are of special concern, receiving the highest classification of "urgent threat level" in the US President Report. Consistent mortality rates of 40-50% are observed among inpatients with infections caused by CRE in hospitals worldwide, related mainly to unavailable, delayed or ineffective antibiotic treatment options. The extremely high mortality rates of patients with CRE infections have driven efforts to prevent the acquisition and spread of these bacteria in hospitals. These include screening for carriage, contact isolation of carriers, cohorting, dedicated healthcare staff and other infection control measures. These strategies have been proven as effective but are cumbersome and expensive. In most locations these strategies failed to completely eradicate CRE endemicity. CRE decolonization (eradication of colonization) might offer a double benefit - reducing the risk for the individual carrier to develop an infection due to the resistant strain (by that, potentially lowering the mortality risk) and preventing the bacteria from spreading to other patients, exposing them to the same hazard. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in which fecal material enriched with commensal microorganisms is transferred from a healthy donor, have proven efficacy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in multiple trails. Major adverse events that has been reported so far are mostly related to the route of administration (aspiration during nasogastric tube administration/colonoscopy). Other adverse events include mostly GI related symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, belching) and are self limited and resolve in few hours. FMT seems to be safe and effective both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The high efficacy of FMT in the treatment of a multi-drug resistant pathogen such as Clostridium difficile, suggest that it might be an efficient tool for other MDR pathogens (e.g. CRE). The authors aim to assess the effects of FMT on colonization and clinical infections with CRE. The potential of FMT to restore the gut microbiome and compete with residual resistant strains offer a novel way to fight the current MDR epidemic. The authors will apply FMT on a cohort of CRE carriers in a single center in Israel. FMT will be given by capsules for 2 consecutive days followed by rectal sampling at predefined timepoint in the following 6 months.

Postoperative urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 20-30% of patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery and have a significant socioeconomic impact and cost. Preoperative antibiotics, sterile operating techniques, postoperative antibiotic and non-antibiotic medical therapies have been utilized to attempt to decrease this rate with little improvement. Utilization of an intraoperative antibiotic cystoscopic irrigant may decrease postoperative UTIs. The investigators have designed a prospective randomized controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of an antibiotic cystoscopic fluid in preventing postoperative urinary tract infections in women undergoing elective pelvic floor surgery with cystoscopy.

The purpose of this prospective randomized study is to determine whether infusions of T-memory cells prevent infections in children with leukemia after allogeneic alpha, beta T-cell receptor (TcRab)/CD19-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of vapendavir treatment of laboratory-confirmed and symptomatic HRV infection of the upper respiratory tract in allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant subjects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of vapendavir on laboratory-confirmed HRV upper-respiratory tract infection in HSCT patients, as measured by viral load changes, worsening of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), duration of clinical symptoms, the occurrence of supplemental oxygen use, duration of viral shedding, hospital admission and duration of hospitalization, incidence of secondary bacterial infection, and mortality rates. Additionally, the safety and tolerability of vapendavir, and the vapendavir plasma levels achieved in the HSCT population, and the profile of viral resistance development will also be assessed.

A Phase III Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Protection Against HPV-16 and 18 Related Diseases, Immunogenicity and Safety of Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Virus-like Particle Vaccine (Type 16 and 18 L1 Proteins, Yeast) in Healthy Females Aged 18-30 Years.