Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of oral posaconazole tablets in Chinese participants at high risk for invasive fungal infections. Neutropenic participants undergoing chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes will be enrolled in the study.

The overall goal of this Community Central Line Infection Prevention (CCLIP) trial, supported by grant R01 HS022870 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, is to determine whether use of a promising new intervention, namely 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines, in the home setting is associated with a reduction in ambulatory central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in a high-risk population of pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Despite successes in CLABSI reduction efforts for inpatients, it remains unknown what generalizable best practices should be with chronic central lines in the home setting and how effective involving patients and caregivers across multiple institutions in CLABSI reduction efforts will be. This research will involve a cluster-randomized, cross-over design, clinical trial. This proposal will focus on the caregivers integral to ambulatory pediatric central line care: patients and families. The specific aims of the proposed research program are: Specific Aim #1: Evaluate whether use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines reduces the rate of CLABSI in ambulatory pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will be associated with at least a 25% reduction in the ambulatory CLABSI rate for pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Specific Aim #2: Evaluate whether use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines reduces the rate of all positive blood cultures in ambulatory pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will be associated with at least a 25% reduction in the positive blood culture rate at home for pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Specific Aim #3: Evaluate whether the use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines changes the distribution of bacteria isolated from blood cultures of pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Hypothesis: Use of 70% isopropyl alcohol embedded protective caps on central lines will reduce Gram-positive CLABSI, secondary blood steam infections, and single positive blood cultures at home for pediatric hematology/oncology patients.

This Phase I multi-center placebo controlled study is conducted in healthy women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) aged between 18 and 70 years.

This pilot clinical trial study will assess the inflammatory response of brain tumors or other central nervous system conditions in pediatric and adult patients using ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI. Imaging features will be correlated with the number of inflammatory cells (macrophages) at histopathology. Determining the extent of inflammation associated with pathologies in the central nervous system may be helpful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes as well as monitoring treatment response of current and future immunotherapies.

Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are common in children under the age of 4 years, especially after the start of schooling. These conditions are facilitated by a still incomplete functional maturation of the immune system and the anatomical structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract still developing. The frequency and duration of these conditions involves a high discomfort and significant costs, in relation to medical appointments, taking medication, the need for hospitalization, days of absence from school and work days lost by parents. Functional foods derived from the fermentation of cow's milk with probiotic strains have been proposed for the prevention of infectious diseases in children. Several products have been investigated, with sometimes conflicting results. Diversity in experimental designs, populations evaluated, and bacterial strains used in the preparation of fermented products are probably responsible for these discrepancies. Recently we started a study approved by the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Activities "Carlo Romano" of the University of Naples "Federico II" (protocol number 210/12) to evaluate the effectiveness of foods fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei CBA-L74 in the prevention of common winter infections in school children aged between 12 and 48 months. Studies of pre-clinical phase showed anti-inflammatory activity of milk fermented with the strain Lactobacillus paracasei L74-CBA in terms of stimulation of the production of the cytokine IL-10 and decreased synthesis of IL-12, also in response to stimulation with Salmonella typhimurium. The data were obtained in in vitro studies on dendritic cells and ex vivo intestinal biopsies as well as in tests on healthy mice and on a mouse model of experimental colitis. A preliminary analysis of the data was found that subjects treated with fermented milk showed fewer infectious episodes, as well as a lower incidence of respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal, with a statistically significant difference between the study groups. It was also observed a significant increase in the levels of α- and β- defensins, LL-37 and secretory IgA in the group of subjects treated with fermented milk compared to subjects treated with fermented rice or placebo. Therefore, we decided to extend the period of study of five additional months, in order to perform an evaluation of the effectiveness of fermented milk (which was more effective)vs placebo.

The primary purpose of this research is to assess the benefit of an "unaware intervention package" for identifying high risk persons who are unaware of their HIV infection status. This intervention package includes screening for acute HIV infection, contract sexual partner referral, and peer referral.

The purpose of this study is to know the effects of probiotics on the incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants less than 1500 g.

Recurrent upper respiratory infections ( RURTIs) are common in school aged children. An adequate iron status might reduce their prevalence. The aim of the study is to assess the percentage and type of RURTIs in Egyptian school children, assessing the percentage of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the effect of iron supplementation on the recurrence and severity of upper respiratory tract infections .

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban compared with placebo in the prevention of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) events and VTE-related death post-hospital discharge in high-risk, medically ill patients.

Bionecteur® is a protective non-touch applicator to ensure aseptic connection made by Vygon. However, there are no studies describing a positive effect of using Bionecteurs ® in regard to catheter-related bloodstream infections. In this study Bionecteur® will be used on central venous lines and arterial lines in postoperative patients of a 40-bed ICU. The incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infections will we compared to patients without inclusion of Bionecteur® devices.