Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The study will assess the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection in women undergoing incontinence or reconstructive pelvic surgery. Women will be given an antibiotic or placebo at the time of catheter removal. The investigators hypothesize that prophylactic antibiotics will reduce the rate of infection.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about infectious complications in patients affected by B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with inotuzumab-ozogamicin (INO). The main question it aims to answer is: • incidence of infectious complications (bacterial, fungal, viral) in patients receiving inotuzumab ozogamicin up to 60 days after the end of treatment

What is the risk of aortic vascular graft and endograft infection in patients with aortic vascular graft/endograft and bloodstream infection?

Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium) is a bacterium found in the form of spores (resistance form) in the environment to which patients may be exposed. This bacterium used to belong to the Clostridium genus, but analysis of its 16S ribosomal RNA in 2016 led to its being distinguished from it. Once the spore has been ingested, it can germinate in vegetative form (the active form of the bacterium), taking on the appearance of a Gram-positive bacillus that will colonize the digestive microbiota. This preliminary stage of digestive colonization by the bacteria is facilitated by certain factors, notably nasogastric probing, antacids, etc. Antibiotics, for their part, disrupt the bacteria of the digestive microbiota (dysbiosis), thus facilitating the implantation of C. difficile. Certain strains (known as toxigenic) will produce the main virulence factors: toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) ± a third toxin (binary toxin or CDT), and thus cause the main clinical signs of digestive infection, particularly in patients with risk factors for C. difficile infection (progressive cancer, immunodepression, etc.). Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is characterized by variable clinical presentations, ranging from simple watery diarrhea without colitis, which often resolves spontaneously, to severe forms with complications such as pseudomembranous colitis, intestinal perforation or septic shock, which have a very poor prognosis. Management of this type of CDI relies mainly on the oral administration of anti-clostridium difficile antibiotics such as fidaxomicin (FDX) or vancomycin (VAN) for 10 days, as recommended by the European ESCMID, British and American IDSA guidelines. Oral metronidazole is recommended only in the absence of availability of the first two molecules (community use). Despite this treatment, one of the main characteristics of CDI is a high recurrence rate, which can reach 25% of cases. With FDX, recurrence rates appear to be lower, especially as its administration regimen is optimized. Nevertheless, its high cost is a barrier to its wider use. In view of the high cost to the community of treating recurrences, and the reduced quality of life of patients suffering from these recurrences, which are sometimes multiple and highly incapacitating, reducing the occurrence of recurrences is a major challenge. A better understanding of the factors leading to recurrence is therefore a prerequisite for optimizing CDI prevention and treatment strategies. The study of colonic mucosal immunity (aimed at quantifying IgA in stools) could also contribute to a better understanding of patient progress. All these issues surrounding CDI and its management justify the setting up of a prospective cohort for the longitudinal follow-up of infected patients, enabling us to study the digestive clearance of the bacteria according to various factors, notably the digestive microbiota and the mucosal immune response.

In China, there is no recommendation for Hepatitis D virus (HDV) screening, but the fact is estimated that one-third of the world's population of individuals with chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection live in China while we do not know the prevalence of co-infection of HBV/HDV in China. So far, no nationwide study has been undertaken to evaluate the epidemiology of hepatitis D, on the other hand, reports of HDV infection rate in different regions of China are not consistent because of the different detection methods and detection objects. Here, we plan to test HDV-Ab/RNA for 5000 HBsAg reactive samples from 10 major tertiary hospital and to know the prevalence and disease burden of HDV in China.

This study is being implemented to identify the role of prophylactic use of ethanol lock in adult patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Central catheter related blood stream infection is a major complication in patients on HPN. The investigators hypothesize that the prophylactic use of ELT will decrease the number of catheter related blood stream infections compared to the control group. The investigators further hypothesize that with the introduction of prophylactic ELT, the number of infections will decrease.

For many patients with blood cancers, stem cell transplantation from a family member or from an unrelated donor remains the only potentially curative option. Unfortunately, up to 40% of patients develop chronic lung disease after the transplant, which substantially increases the risk of death in the long-term. Currently, patients with transplant-related lung disease are treated with some combination of steroids and other immunosuppressant drugs, but only about 1 out of 5 improve. The importance of our study is that the investigators aim to prevent the development of transplant-related chronic lung disease in the first place. Because a strong risk factor for such chronic lung disease is a prior viral respiratory tract infection, the investigators think there is a window of opportunity to intervene. As soon as "cold and flu" symptoms start, the investigators will treat patients with a combination of drugs aimed at eliminating damaging immune responses triggered by the virus. In the absence of such treatment, the investigators believe these lung-damaging immune responses would persist even after the virus disappears. Our hope is that preventive treatment might avoid the development of chronic lung disease, and this would substantially increase long-term survival in our transplant patients. This is a pilot study. Once feasibility is established, the investigators will seek to expand this study into a definitive clinical trial.

The study was designed in a randomized controlled experimental design type to determine the effect of a 2% chlorhexidine bath applied in the pediatric intensive care unit on protecting skin integrity and preventing hospital-acquired infection. Research data were collected from pediatric patients aged 2 months to 18 years old, who were treated in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary education and research hospital between September 2022 and September 2023. In data collection; "Child Follow-up Form", "Skin Integrity and Nosocomial Infection Follow-up Form", and "Northampton Pediatric Skin Evaluation Scale (CCRS)" were used. The data were evaluated with appropriate statistical methods in SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 24.0 package program.

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family which is expressed and refers to it as a "red protein from milk". It is known that lactoferrin can modulate the overall immune response in inflammatory disorders including modulation of cytokine/ chemokine production and immune regulation that resenting by interleukin (IL)-10. Children with failure to thrive have increase the risk of infectious disease. The mechanism behind this may be due to impaired of immune function, in which pro-inflammation response is increased (IL-1β, IL-6), while IL-10 acted as anti-inflammation response tends to reduces. High calorie formula (Oral Nutrition Supplement/ONS) are products used for oral nutrition support with the aim of increasing nutritional intake. they are a nutrition treatment option for when nutrition support has been identified beside dietary counselling. ONS are typically used in addition to a normal diet, when diet alone is insufficient to meet daily nutritional requirement due to infection or others. ONS should be treated like medication, ensure they are labelled with the patient's name and provided at the prescribed time. It is well established that nutritional deficiency or inadequate can impair immune function. Growing evidence suggest that for certain nutrients increased intake above currently recommended levels may help optimize immune function including improving the defense function and thus resistance to infection while maintaining tolerance. This study aims to analize the levels of IL-6 and IL- 10 in children with failure to thrive with infection before and after receiving the intervention of lactoferrin in high-calorie formula milk. This study is an observational study with a pre-, post-test design, with designed total subject is 80. The subject is healthy children with weight faltering aged 1-5 years diagnosed with infection (tuberculosis/TB or urinary tract infection/UTI)

This is a randomized controlled trial of a human-derived human milk fortifier (H2MF) vs standard bovine-derived human milk fortifier (HMF) evaluating fecal microbiota and fecal and urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress in premature infants.