Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The goal of this project is to help the state of Minnesota understand why individuals are not getting tested and potentially identify trusted individuals or organizations that could be used in follow-up work to send messages. Investigators focus on the first two issues of unit and item nonresponse, which is not random across the population and thus could lead to nonresponse bias. To do so, investigators are deploying flyers through 10 Twin City area food shelves and potentially through public housing units with information on how to answer an online questionnaire.

This is a Phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple dose, dose escalation study in healthy participants, investigating the safety, tolerability, recovery, and PD of multiple oral administrations of SNIPR001.

Bacteria living in the nose and throat are generally harmless, but in some circumstances cause infections of the lungs (pneumonia) and brain (meningitis), which are among the commonest causes of death worldwide in young children (especially newborns). Babies with certain 'good' bacteria in the nose and throat are less likely to have infections by such 'bad' bacteria. Scientists have tried giving probiotics ('good' bacteria swallowed or sprayed into the nose) to pregnant women, new mothers and babies. These studies show that many probiotics are safe, but the amount of bacteria given is often unknown, and it is unclear if they work. A more precise option is to use controlled inoculation, by inserting a specific amount of particular 'good' bacteria into the nose under carefully controlled conditions. Our team have previously shown that inoculation with Neisseria lactamica ('good' bacteria) safely and reliably decreases Neisseria meningitidis ('bad' bacteria) in healthy adults' noses. N. lactamica is a type of harmless bacteria found in over 40% of children aged 1-2 years, but is uncommon in newborns and adults. We plan to inoculate 20 healthy pregnant women with N. lactamica nose drops, to find out if it is transferred to their babies after birth. Newborns become rapidly covered (colonised) with bacteria from their mothers, other people, and the environment, so this method mimics a natural way that babies receive bacteria. We will take saliva and nose swabs one day, one week, one month and four months after birth, and will use microbiological and genetic methods to study how the bacteria changes in babies compared with their mothers.

Hospitals are recognised to be a major risk for the spread of infections despite the availability of protective measures. Under normal circumstances, staff may acquire and transmit infections, but the health impact of within hospital infection is greatest in vulnerable patients. For the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, like recent outbreaks such as the SARS and Ebola virus, the risk of within hospital spread of infection presents an additional, significant health risk to healthcare workers. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) teams within hospitals engage in practices that minimise the number of infections acquired within hospital. This includes surveillance of infection spread, and proactively leading on training to clinical and other hospital teams. There is now good evidence that genome sequencing of epidemic viruses such as that which causes COVID-19, together with standard IPC, more effectively reduces within hospital infection rates and may help identify the routes of transmission, than just existing IPC practice. It is proposed to evaluate the benefit of genome sequencing in this context, and whether rapid (24-48h) turnaround on the data to IPC teams has an impact on that level of benefit. The study team will ask participating NHS hospitals to collect IPC information as per usual practice for a short time to establish data for comparison. Where patients are confirmed to have a COVID-19 infection thought to have been transmitted within hospital, their samples will be sequenced with data fed back to hospital teams during the intervention phase. A final phase without the intervention may take place for additional information on standard IPC practice when the COVID-19 outbreak is at a low level nationwide.

The COVID-19 outbreak and spread throughout the world now constitutes a global public health emergency. Direct contact between doctors and patients in daily practice bears potential risk of Covid-19 infection, and telemedicine, or non-contact medicine, in this circumstance, offers an ideal solution. Remote controlling capsule endoscopy system for gastric examination was recently developed and applicated in clinical practice.

Primary, Secondary, and Exploratory Objective(s): Primary objective: To evaluate the effect of interventions on 1st dose uptake of HPV vaccine.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a drug interaction between GSK1349572 and the HIV protease inhibitors Tipranavir/Ritonavir (TPV/RTV).

This multicentric, randomized, double-blind and controlled study aims to examine the effect of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 (Actimel® = tested product) on the incidence of respiratory and gastro-intestinal common infectious diseases (cumulated number of infections during the intervention period: primary criteria) in children aged 3-6 years, attending day care centers.Volunteers received either 200g/day of tested product (N=300) or control product (N=299) for 3-months, followed by a 1-month follow-up.

The purpose of the research is to determine if eating sweetened, dried cranberries or strawberry fruit pieces will increase the types of different E. coli bacteria in the intestines which may reduce the likelihood of a major, or highly harmful urinary type of bacteria which cause urinary tract infections in susceptible women.

The purpose of this study is to compare the post-surgical standard-of-care dressing to the Prevena™ Incision Management System in women undergoing Cesarean section surgery.