Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study for Sovaldi® tablets (sofosbuvir, SOF) administered in combination with Copegus® tablets (ribavirin, COPE) will evaluate the safety and efficacy of SOF administered in combination with ribavirin under real world use in Japan. Among adult patients with chronic genotype 2 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treated with SOF+ribavirin in routine clinical use, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) under real world settings.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of Primary and Secondary Prevention of Respiratory Infections in children up to 3 years-old attending daycare.

Radio(chemo)therapy is the standard therapy for both, brain tumors and brain metastases. Neurological decline is observed in these patients and tumor progression or radiotherapy side effects have been made responsible for this. However CMV encephalitis may also be a reason. Therefore the investigators aim to analyze the CMV status in patients during and after radio(chemo)therapy. It will be checked by CMV-DNA (PCR analysis) and CMV antibodies (IgG and IgM ELISA) in the blood of the patients. These findings will be correlated with changes in the brain, visualized by MRI. In addition a detailed immunophenotyping in the peripheral blood will be performed.

This 4-year cluster randomized controlled trial aims to determine whether implementation of Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality (EPIQ) method can reduce hospital-acquired infection in Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

The purpose of this clinical trial study is to assess, among young and sexually active women presenting recurrent urinary tract infection (UTIs), efficacy of an optimal dose of cranberry extract quantified and standardized to 37 mg/day of Proanthocyanidins (PACs), compared to a control dose quantified and standardized to 2 mg/day of PACs on mean number of new UTIs during a 6-month follow-up period.

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of immune function on prognositic outcome in critical ill patients with Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

Bone and joint infection (BJI) are bacterial infections that can occur after surgery (nosocomial infections) or de novo. They constitute a public health problem in Western Countries . These infections are often difficult to treat, with a high rate of re-hospitalizations (19.5%) caused by relapses or recurrences. The treatment of Bone and joint infection can be surgical and / or pharmacological . Drug treatment is based on the use of parenteral and / or oral antibiotics. It is a curative therapy in most cases, with a prolonged duration ranging from 6 weeks to several months depending on the lesions . Medication adherence, is a patients' behavior defined as drug intake with optimal attendance and regularity, as prescribed and explained by the physician. It is a key factor in the success of any drug therapy, as drugs don't work in patients who don't take them.. To the knowledge of investigators, there are no published data on the adherence to antibiotic therapy in patients treated for Bone and joint infection. In addition to its prolonged duration, the antibiotic treatment of the Osteoarticular Infections may require several daily drug intakes and may be responsible for severe adverse effects, these three factors being known to adversely affect adherence. Prevalence, adherence patterns over time and determinants of adherence in this patient population are not known. Currently, drug adherence is not routinely evaluated and is not considered in the treatment of Bone and joint infection in the Regional Center for Complex Bone and joint infection of the investigators. A specific study evaluating adherence to antibiotic therapy in patients treated for Bone and joint infection appears to be justified.

Staphylococcus aureus represents the leading pathogen implicated in bone and joint infection (BJI), usually requiring prolonged combination antimicrobial therapy, which may be particularly challenging in the case of MDR bacteria and/or for patients with multiple drug intolerance. In the absence of new well-tolerated oral antistaphylococcal drugs, older antibiotics must be considered, such as the pristinamycin. However, pristinamycin is not currently licensed for treatment of staphylococcal BJI and lack of clinical data prevents it from being considered as a reliable alternative therapeutic option in current guidelines. The aim of this study is to evaluate pristinamycin (efficacy and tolerance) in the treatment of MSSA bone and joint infection (BJI).

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in a child may be the first symptom of congenital anomaly of the kidneys and the urinary tract (CAKUT). Thus, imaging diagnostics are warranted in children with first episode of UTI. Abdominal ultrasonography (USG) is the first line imaging modality in evaluating children with UTI. Abnormalities suggesting CAKUT found on USG are an indication for further, more invasive tests. The timing of USG in UTI depends on the clinical situation. It always should be performed urgently when serious acute complications of UTI are suspected. However, appropriate timing of USG in children responding well to therapy, is a matter of debate. According to animal studies, E. coli produces toxin which dilates the urinary tract. This may result in misleading picture on USG in acute phase of infection. Guidelines on UTI management in children differ in respect to recommended USG timing. The purpose of the study is to investigate how UTI does affect USG results in children and when its effect subsides. Methods 150 children up to 3 years of age, with the first episode of UTI, will be included in our study. Three USG examinations will be performed by single radiologist in every child: in the first day of treatment, two weeks after treatment initiation, four weeks after treatment initiation. Age, gender, etiologic factor, C-reactive protein concentration and white blood cells count will be included in statistical analysis. The study is aimed to help clinicians interpret USG findings during UTI and make reasonable plans for further imaging diagnostics in children with UTI.

This is a multi-center case-control study that aims to define the association between the exposure to an arbovirus infection and the development of a neurological syndrome in patients from Colombia. The study makes part of the Neurovirus Emerging in the Americas Study (NEAS) that is a collaborative effort that looks to combine the efforts of researchers, healthcare providers and patients in Colombia to establish a comprehensive registry of the clinical, radiological and laboratory profile of patients with new onset of neurological diseases associated mosquito-borne viruses, known as arboviruses.