Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The aim is to investigate if RNA expression signature can discriminate bacterial from viral infection or non-infectious inflammation in children with cancer. Earlier studies in immunocompetent children have shown promising results, but studies in immunocompromised children are lacking. We aim to include 300 febrile episodes in children with cancer. The samples will be analysed by RNA sequencing. If succesfull, this method can help prevent unnecessary antibiotic treatment, reduce hospital admissions, side effects and antimicrobial resistance and improve quality of life for children during cancer treatment.

The study is a longitudinal, observational cohort study of people who are newly-diagnosed with HIV who consent to recency testing and participate in index testing services, and their disclosed contacts. The study will evaluate the impact of recency testing on HIV positive yield of index testing among the contacts of newly diagnosed people living with HIV and the incidence of adverse events or social harm as a result of returning recency results among newly diagnosed people living with HIV.

World increase in mortality from consequences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant public health problem. Irrational prescribing of antimicrobial drugs (AMD) in general population is one of the main causes of development AMR. This is also contributed by fact that up to 90% of total antimicrobial consumption in Europe is related to the general population. Problem of AMR has been recognized by World Health Organization and Council of European Union, which support the establishment of the antimicrobial stewardship team (A-team). A-team provides co-ordinated interventions that promote rational use of AMD. To date, no study has been carried out in which Ateam from hospital environment goes to primary health care for the purpose of rationalization prescribing of AMD by primary health care practitioners. Project for implementation of hospital A-team in primary health care in Koprivnica-Križevci County will be initiated using educational outreach method aimed at rationalization of the consumption of AMD.

This article describes a case of successful treatment of a 59-year-old man with sepsis as a result of periprosthetic infection against the background of severe SARS-CoV-2-19, who was hospitalized for 59 days, 57 of which were in the intensive care unit. Vibroacoustic pulmonary therapy, the concept of noninvasive ventilation, syndrome therapy, combination antibiotic therapy taking into account the pathogen and antibiotic sensitivity were used in the treatment.

A Randomized controlled trail to To assess the efficacy of povidone-iodine wash before wound closure in preventing surgical site infections.

In order to assess the mother-to-infant and potential vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, maternal and neonatal biological samples will be prospectively collected from women with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 at participating hospitals across Ontario. Samples will be tested for the SARS-CoV-2 serology and viral load. Outcomes for the study objective will be ascertained through the collection and testing of biological samples from the mother and/or infant. Specifically the investigators will: Assess maternal nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab, vaginal mucosa, ano-rectal swab, amniotic fluid, placenta (including subamniotic swab), breastmilk, cord blood and neonatal nasopharyngeal swab for RNA particles of coronavirus, by ddPCR. Assess maternal serum for anti-coronavirus antibodies, by immunoassay. Examine the impact of coronavirus on the neonate with respect to serology and viral load, in addition to placenta pathology findings and ddPCR. Assess vertical transmission and the effect of coronavirus through placental pathology examination using placental pathology synoptic report.

This is a laboratory evaluation of a new testing methodology for microbiological diagnosis, whereby participant samples received as part of routine care will be divided between the standard diagnostic pathway and this new pathway: metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS). Results obtained from the mNGS pathway will be compared against the standard diagnostic pathway in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and clinical impact. The samples will be identified at Wellington Southern Community Laboratories (WSCL), which provides laboratory services for Capital and Coast District Health Board, and forwarded to the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) to undergo mNGS testing.

The scientific, feasible and effective mode of standardized cleaning and disinfection of ICU high-frequency contact surfaces is discussed and verified.

The research is an algorithm study focused on nursing care in order to prevent Central Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections in intensive care units. The algorithm prepared with infection control measures related to central catheter care will be applied with intensive care nurses and the effect of the algorithm on central catheter-related bloodstream infections will be examined. In practice, a 20-day preliminary assessment, a three-month intervention period, and a three-month post-intervention planning were made.

There is a lack of data whether colonization and infection with Enterobacteriaceae of the third group (EB3) affect the outcomes for ICU patients. This study evaluated the effects of EB3 colonization and infection on ICU mortality, ICU length of stay (LOS) and broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. We focused on the sub type Enterobacter regarding its a priori higher risk of resistance.