Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this research study is to identify the effects of 2 over-the-counter mouthwashes on bacteria and 3 viruses in the participant's mouth and gut. The participant will be randomly allocated to rinse their mouth twice daily either with Listerine mouthwash, Lumineux Oral Essentials mouthwash, or water. The overall duration of the study will be approximately 180 days and will include approximately 5 visits and 15-30 minutes for each visit with a total of approximately 2.5 hours of your time. Additionally, fecal matter will also be collected in some subjects using a commercial collection kit.

A cluster-randomised multicentre blinded clinical trial will be performed in six primary care centres located in the southern metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain). The objective is to assess whether including experts on infectious diseases (ID) within the antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) team of primary care achieves higher reductions on overall antibiotic consumption and increases the quality of prescription in diagnosed upper respiratory and urinary tract infections. Centres will be randomly assigned to receive a standard-AMS or an advanced-AMS (intervention). Advanced-AMS includes all standard-AMS strategies plus general practitioner chance to discuss clinical cases by telephone to ID expert on working days (8:00 am to 8:00 pm), and by biweekly meetings.

This is a phase 1, Single-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, dose escalation, clinical trial enrolling 24 healthy participants. The main subject is to investigate the safety and tolerability of the LABTHERA-001 capsule and to explore the acceptability of the capsule.

Antibiotics are still most often administered on an empiric fashion, as defined for the general population with dosages only adapted based on weight and renal and/or hepatic functions. As a result, serum concentrations show important interpatient variations with the risk of being subtherapeutic or toxic. Recent studies with temocillin, ceftriaxone, or meropenem confirm this for patients in intensive care units. The aim of the study will be to measure the total and free concentrations of temocillin, ceftriaxone, and meropenem in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units for pulmonary infections or another infection for which one of the above mentioned antibiotics is indicated. Patients will be stratified according to the level of their renal function. The antibiotics will be assayed in plasma as well as other accessible fluids in order to assess their pharmacokinetic properties.

This study is a pilot randomized trial of STIckER in which 40 providers (20 trained in using the STIckER decision aid and 20 providing standard care) will enroll a total of 140 sexually active young Emergency Department (ED) patients over six months in a pediatric and adult ED setting. The primary goal is to determine if sexually active young individuals who use STIckER are more likely to undergo STI testing. By developing an effective automated digital tool to increase STI testing, the investigators aim to improve evidence-based sexual health education, reduce STI rates, and enhance the health outcomes of young individuals nationwide.

More than 90% of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy have an undetectable viral load. However, approximately 15% of these individuals do not sufficiently restore their TCD4 lymphocytes and have an unfavorable CD4/CD8 ratio despite good adherence and an undetectable viral load. Factors associated with immunovirological discordance include low CD4 cell counts prior to antiretroviral therapy, low CD4/CD8 ratios and positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology. These patients are at risk of significant non-AIDS events and mortality. The anti-sense protein (ASP) is synthesized from the anti-sense strand of HIV-1. A cytotoxic anti-ASP response of CD8 T lymphocytes and anti-ASP antibodies have been demonstrated in infected patients. The conservation of the ASP gene in HIV-1, the virus responsible for the pandemic, suggests that its maintenance confers an advantage to the virus. ASP induces an inflammatory phenotype in surrounding cells. ASP can be externalized by the cell through its interaction with its cellular partner Bat-3. Once externalized in soluble or exosomal form, Bat-3 has the ability to regulate NK cell activity. During HIV infection, NK functions are disrupted, including those related to the expression of the Bat-3 receptor, NKp30. In patients, the inflammatory phenomenon is strongly associated with chronic HIV-1 infection. The efficacy of antiviral treatments does not allow a complete normalization of either the immune system function or the inflammatory status of the patient. The observed effect of ASP on inflammation raises the question of the involvement of ASP in the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state in patients under treatment. Increased inflammation has also been associated in HIV-infected patients with elevated plasma exosome levels. In patients undergoing treatment, chronic inflammation remains a major problem and an important source of comorbidities (cardiovascular in particular) and probably contributes to the immunovirological non-response in immunodiscordant HIV-infected patients. It is hypothesized that ASP bound to its cellular partner Bat-3 in exosomes would disrupt the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, sustain inflammation and have a deleterious effect on immune reconstitution.

This is a 5-year Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Randomized Control Trial (RCT) that compares two models of linking and retaining individuals recently released from custody to the continuum of community-based HIV and opioid use disorder (OUD) prevention and treatment, medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) service cascades of care.

The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of an oral nutraceutical with probiotics in restore vaginal health.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the skin quality improvement and colonization efficacy following the application of probiotic Micrococcus luteus Q24 (BLIS Q24) to the elbow and back of forearm in a topical balm format in healthy adults.

Prematurity remains the main cause of death and serious health problems in new-borns. Besides the need for hospitalization and medical interventions in the first weeks or months of the new-borns' life, prematurity can cause long-lasting health problems (e.g. multiple hospital admissions, developmental delay, learning difficulties, motor delay, hearing or eye problems, ...). Moreover, prematurity places an enormous economic burden on the society. Aside from the medical problems and the financial cost, the emotional stress and psychological impact on the parents, siblings and other family members should not be underestimated. Previous preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) increases the risk for recurrent preterm delivery in a subsequent pregnancy. Therefore, these women should be considered as 'high risk' for preterm birth. Infections ascending from the vagina may be an important cause of preterm delivery in certain cases. Some women have an abnormal vaginal microbiome and are therefore at risk for infections and preterm birth. On the other hand, the vaginal flora is more stable and resistant to infections in healthy pregnant women who deliver at term (after 37 weeks of gestation). Synbiotics are a mixture containing probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are living bacteria with potential beneficial effects that can be used safely in pregnancy, while prebiotics are consumed by the bacteria. It is known that probiotics, when used for a long period of time, can maintain a healthy and stable vaginal flora that may protect against infections. In this study, pregnant patients with a history of preterm birth will be included in the first trimester of pregnancy to start with synbiotics or placebo. The investigators will examine the effect of synbiotics on the vaginal flora and on the pregnancy duration. The hypothesis is that synbiotics, when started early in the pregnancy, can change the disturbed vaginal flora into a stable micro-environment.