Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Vaginal infections demonstrated to be implicated in the persistence of HPV, activating a vicious circle of vaginal microbial perturbations. HPV infection can destroy the biofilm barrier formed by the local vaginal immune microenvironment, leading to a condition called dysbiosis. Contemporarily, the resulting local microecological imbalance in the vagina can subsequently upregulate the expression of the HPV protein, increasing HPV-related cytological alterations.

Multidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a major worldwide public health challenge and hospitals are now increasingly faced with management of local outbreaks involving such pathogens. Especially, intensive care units (ICU) provide an ideal background for outbreaks caused by MDR bacteria among which carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) can be found. Among CPE involved in ICU outbreaks, VIM producers have been reported worldwide, and described as especially difficult to control. The COVID-19 pandemic and all of the measures health workers have to implement to fight the spread of SARS-Cov-2 have also impacted the management of such outbreaks. In this retrospective study, the investigators aim to describe the management of an outbreak caused by a VIM-producing Enterobacter cloacae strain during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in an ICU, and show the importance of concerted measures and actions implemented at multiple levels to prevent the spread of this MDR strain.

The study will examine the effect of using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) compared with standard wound dressing among patients undergoing elective open surgery for incisional hernia. The study's main hypothesis is that NPWT will decrease the post-operative incidence of surgical site infections and also improve the patients' quality of life including less scar-related pain and higher cosmetic satisfaction.

The study aims to describe the current use of dalbavancin among diabetic patients with infections in a real-world clinical setting in Italy and Spain.

This study will determine the tissue penetration of a broad-spectrum orally bioavailable carbapenem, tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (SPR994) (Spero Therapeutics, Inc.), into the extracellular, interstitial fluid of soft tissue in diabetic patients with lower limb wound infections. Penetration will be compared with a group of healthy volunteer control participants.

Secondary infections remain a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients, mainly because of high prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Therefore strategies aimed to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumoniae (VAP) and bloodstream infections are of utmost important. There is robust data on selective digestive decontamination (SDD) efficacy in reduction of secondary infections in intensive care units (ICU) with low rates of antibacterial resistance. However the data received from hospitals with moderate-to-high rates of resistance is equivocal. This as an interventional parallel open-label study investigating the effect of selective digestive decontamination on the rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU with high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria. Secondary outcomes include rates of bloodstream infections, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of ICU stay, resistance selection and overall antibiotic consumption.

Helicobacter pylori can lead to a variety of digestive system diseases.The eradication of Helicobacter pylori plays an importment role for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcer and prevention of gastric cancer .Compared with other countries and regions in the world, the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori in China can reach more than 50%. The non-standard diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori greatly reduces its eradication rate and increases its drug resistance.Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the standardization of diagnosis and treatment to improve the eradication rate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnosis and treatment status of Helicobacter pylori among gastroenterologists in general hospitals in Shandong Province.It can help us to understand the actual situation of diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori in hospitals at all levels, and to provide targeted diagnosis and treatment training for doctors.

There remains scarcity of literature regarding the patient's health status post-COVID-19 infection. This study analyzes the prevalence of residual symptoms and quality of life (QoL) after COVID-19.

Antimicrobial prophylactic treatment of recurrent UTI is limited by emerging resistance, antibiotic allergies and intolerances. Intravesical aminoglycoside instillations (IAI) have been shown to reduce recurrence rate, without a short-term decline in kidney function or hearing. Thus far, treatment satisfaction has not yet been assessed, while this may play an important role in treatment adherence and persistence. Moreover, there is no data on the long-term safety of IAI, e.g. regarding the development of (pre)malignant bladder lesions.

In order to decrease inappropriate antibiotic use, drivers of inappropriate use must be identified locally. This study will focus on the MOST inappropriate use, which are defined as 'never events'. Previous work has shown that antibiotic use clusters over time. It is hypothesized that never events also cluster over time. Using electronic data capture strategies, an algorithm will be developed to quickly and accurately identify areas of antibiotic use concern. Secondly, a framework will be developed, utilizing antimicrobial consumption data and captured signals of inappropriate antimicrobial use to provide targets for antimicrobial stewardship efforts.