Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The mode of delivery affects the diversity and colonization pattern of the gut microbiota during the first year of infants' life. Probiotics have been observed to positively influence the host's health, but to date few data about the ability of probiotics to modify the gut microbiota composition exist. 40 newborns born by elective caesarian sectional be randomized to a Lactobacillus kefiri LKF01 DSM32079 (LKEF) supplementation or placebo for 21 days. Changes in the gut microbiota composition were detected by using a Next Generation Sequencing technology.

Pneumonias and lower respiratory tract infections can have important long-term consequences, particularly in the context of lung transplantation, where pneumonia is a major cause of death. Candidate organs and lung transplant recipients undergo bronchoscopic inspection to assess for lower respiratory tract infection, but traditional culture methods take time, leading to increased risk from inappropriate therapy. The investigators hypothesize that the rapid detection of lower respiratory tract infection, using a semi-quantitative multiplex molecular assay, can decrease the time to appropriate clinical decision making.

Osteaoarticular infection due to C. acnes are known to be of late onset, causing chronic infection possibly pauci-symptomatic. Osteaoarticular infection due to C. acnes represents a diagnostic challenge, since C. acnes is slow and difficult to grow, and can also be considered a contaminant.A 16S universal PCR bacteriological diagnosis has been proposed but is lacking of sensitivity. A specific C. acnes PCR was developed in 2010, but is not used routinely.

Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide that has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic option in patients with prosthetic joint infection caused by Staphylococcus or Enterococcus species in the latest Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. The population pharmacokinetics (PK) of daptomycin have been described in various groups of patients in previous publications. However, little information exists on the PK of daptomycin in patients with bone and joint infections (BJI). Also, previous population studies did not investigate daptomycin PK over prolonged therapy, and, to our knowledge, no study has reported the intraindividual PK variability of this drug. The aim of this study is to describe the inter- and intraindividual PK variability of this drug.

This study hypothesizes that early-onset neonatal Infections are related to premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and that early intervention can improve the prognosis of newborns. The objective of this study is to analyze the correlation between PROM and early-onset neonatal infections and to assess the prognosis of newborns. A cohort study is designed to implement the study. The subjects of study group are pregnant women who are diagnosed as PROM or chorioamnionitis and whose gestational age is ≥ 24 weeks. The subjects of control group are pregnant women without PROM and chorioamnionitis. Control group and research group are paired at 1: 1 ratio. The main contents of the study include three aspects. (1) The correlation between PROM and chorioamnionitis. (2) The correlation between PROM and early-onset neonatal infections. (3) The pathogenesis of intrauterine infection and neonatal infection.

, the study aimed at assessing the frequency of rising procalcitonin associated with infectious complications in immunosuppressed LDLTRx.

The main objective of this non-interventional, observational study is to analyze the rate and type of infection complications while performing closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) of hand fractures in the operating room versus an ambulatory setting. The investigators will do so by prospectively collecting data on the type of fracture, handedness, co-morbidities, duration of treatment, number and type of K-wires, duration of fixation and complication rate. Patients presenting with hand fractures to the emergency room will be recruited. Patients will be recruited in multiple centres across Canada and managed according to the institutional standard. The complication type and rate will be recorded and analyzed to determine a difference of performing the procedure in the operating room or clinical setting.

Prospective, observational study at Stanford University Hospital comparing the Karius Infectious Disease Diagnostic Sequencing Assay to the Final Microbiologic Diagnosis in Patients with Fever and Neutropenia.

Post-operative wound infections can prolong hospital stays, increase rates of readmission to the intensive care unit, and increase the costs of treatment significantly. This study will conduct a prospective chart review of all patients undergoing elective spinal surgery on both the neurosurgery and orthopedic spine services at two facilities on an academic campus. The investigators will collect the data of those patients who develop post-surgical infections. This data will then be analyzed and compared to published data from other studies. The aim of this investigation is to passively collect this infection data, which may ultimately provide needed baseline incidence rates using current and standard protocols.

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) represents an unprecedented challenge to the operations and population health management efforts of health care systems around the world. The "Pandemic Research Network (PRN): Duke Community Health Watch" study leverages technology, clinical research, epidemiology, telemedicine, and population health management capabilities to understand how to safely COVID-19. The target population is individuals in the Duke Health region as well as individuals beyond the Duke Health region who have flu-like symptoms, a viral test order for COVID-19, confirmed COVID-19, or concern for exposure to COVID-19. A subgroup of particular interest within the target population is health care workers (HCW) and families of HCW. Community members will enroll in the study electronically and for 28 days will be reminded via email or SMS to submit signs and symptoms related to COVID-19. Participants who report symptoms will be provided information about COVID-19 testing (if needed) and established mechanisms to seek care within Duke Health. Instructions for telemedicine and in-person visits, which is available publicly at https://www.dukehealth.org/covid-19-update, will be presented to participants. Participants who are unable to report symptoms independently may be contacted via telephone by Population Health Management Office (PHMO) or Clinical Events Classification (CEC) team members. Data collected through the "Pandemic Response Network (PRN): Duke Community Health Watch" study will be used for three objectives. First, to characterize the epidemiological features of COVID-19. Specifically, we will have a high-risk subgroup of HCW and families of HCW that we enroll. Second, to develop models that predict deterioration and the need for inpatient care, intensive care, and mechanical ventilation. Third, to develop forecast models to estimate the volume of inpatient and outpatient resources needed to manage a COVID-19 population. The primary risk to study participants is loss of protected health information. To address this concern, all data will be stored in Duke's REDCap instance and the Duke Protected Analytics Compute Environment (PACE).