Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to better understand genetic susceptibility to infections and the interactions of specific genetic polymorphisms of innate immune receptors with microbial and fungal organisms. The goals of this study are: Find out if some people are more likely to get severe infections, than others. To do this we will compare patients with leukemia who develop severe infections to patients who do not develop infections. Find out if some people are more likely to develop lymphoma than others. To do this we will compare patients with lymphoma to people without lymphoma who are of the same sex and similar age and ethnic background to the patients with lymphoma.

This study is a cross-sectional observational study to evaluate the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in the European area and in major European ethnotypes. Any HIV-1 infected patient will be eligible for this study including treatment naïve and experienced patients, as well as patients previously tested for HLA-B*5701. Patients will be approached during a standard clinic visit, and will be consented prior to any study specific procedure. They will be asked to provide a tissue sample (cheek cells and blood sample) which will be used to assess HLA-B*5701 status by local and central laboratories. In selected sites patients may be asked to provide an additional blood sample. This sample will be used to develop and validate different methodologies for assessing HLA-B*5701 status.

The purpose of this study is to determine the utilization patterns and compliance rates of palivizumab, which is a monoclonal antibody therapy used to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection.

Malaria and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in pregnant women in Africa and are important preventable causes of poor birth outcomes and maternal and infant mortality. This study investigated baseline characteristics of the population including: rates of STIs including HIV, prevalence of malaria and tuberculosis (TB) and resistance to common antimalarial drugs.

The present study is a retrospective cohort study on patients who suffered a nosocomial infection in major hospitals in Vietnam. Data relating to patient demography include age, gender; medical history; APACHE II score; background conditions, infection details and antimicrobial therapy; and all-caused mortality, time of hospitalization and intensive care. The investigators hypothesis is that antimicrobial treatment inappropriate is highly dependent on incidence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli and ESBL-producing enterobacteriaceae spp. Variables are demographic characteristics, background conditions, immunosuppressive therapy, antimicrobial susceptibility and inappropriate treatment is explored as possible predictors of mortality.

The purpose of this study is to determine the rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among a group of African American women who have sex with women (AA WSW). The first study hypothesis is that AA WSW are at risk for acquiring and transmitting STI, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The second study hypothesis is that AA WSW participate in multiple high-risk sexual activities that may facilitate transmission of STIs, including HIV.

Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes a variety of human infections. It is also an uncommon but serious cause of postpartum infections. In contrast to group B streptococcus (GBS) infection, which causes illness and death in newborns disproportionately more often than it does in mothers, perinatal GAS infection primarily affects mothers . Invasive GAS infection is defined by the isolation of GAS from a normally sterile site (e.g., blood) or by the isolation of GAS from a nonsterile site in the presence of the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome or necrotizing fasciitis. A postpartum case of invasive GAS is defined as isolation of GAS during the postpartum period, in association with a clinical postpartum infection (e.g., endometritis) or from either a sterile site or a wound infection. Because of the burden and severity of invasive GAS infection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) hosted a meeting in to formulate guidelines for responding to postpartum and postsurgical GAS infections. However, we could not find any recommendations for long-term follow-up of patients who had GAS infection subsequent to delivery or gynaecological procedures, or further recommendations regarding subsequent delivery or gynaecological invasive procedures. It is possible that women who had GAS as a cause of vaginal infection may have a tendency to be carriers of this organism, but this has never been proven. We believe it is of importance to determine if women who have had one infection may be long-term carriers which may pose a risk during future pregnancies. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the incidence of long term gynaecological carrier state of patients who had GAS invasive infection following delivery, and to provide guidelines for follow-up and treatment of such patients. The proposed study may answer the question whether this endogenous GAS origin represents chronic GAS carrier state, similar to the known GBS carrier state. As some of these patients had severe infections (sometimes life threatening) a protocol for long-term follow up and management is necessary in case an invasive procedure is done (IUD insertion, endometrial biopsy, curettage or delivery) in order to prevent recurrent infection. The information collected in the study will enable us to afford recommendations for follow up and prophylaxis in the future. .

The purpose of this study is to describe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rates and to begin to address the utilization of outpatient resources for RSV medically-attended lower respiratory tract infections (MALRI) in 32-35 week gestational age (GA) premature infants who are less than 6 months of age and do not receive treatment.

International studies have repeatedly documented a substantial prevalence of sexual risk behaviors and high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) ranging from 5%-56% amongst long-distance truck drivers ("truckers") living in diverse international settings including India, Bangladesh, South Africa, China, Laos and Thailand. The prevalence of sexual risk factors and STI/HIV in US drivers is unknown. This proposal will provide both qualitative and quantitative data on HIV risk behaviors by interviewing and testing truckers working for established long-distance trucking firms, the sector which accounts for most of the jobs in the trucking and warehousing industry in the United States. The data obtained from this study will be used to inform the development of an HIV prevention intervention for long-haul truck drivers.

This study was designed to provide early access to and evaluate the safety of TPV/r in PI-experienced patients with HIV-1 infection.