Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The composition of gastric microbiota is determined by the status of Helicobacter pylori infection. In subjects who have never been infected by H. pylori, gastric microbiota includes various bacteria, creating ideal microbial diversity. This ideal microbial diversity is destroyed by H. pylori infection at low intragastric pH. Since it is difficult for most bacteria to proliferate within an acidic stomach, relative H. pylori abundance gives rise to microbial dysbiosis. Conversely, unideal microbial diversity is often observed in infected individuals with impaired gastric secretory ability at hypochlorhydric condition. Bacteria producing carcinogenic N-nitrosamine compounds are often detected in individuals with past or chronic H. pylori infection at high intragastric pH. Nonetheless, microbial imbalance that occurs in the earlier phase before gastric carcinognenesis is uncertain.

Late 2013, the first indigenous cases of chikungunya have been observed in the French Antilles. At the end of May 2014, almost all of the islands of the Caribbean were affected by the outbreak. During the large epidemic which affected the Island of La Réunion in 2005/2006, the attack rate was 38%. The most active period was three months. In this context, knowledge of the attack rate and the epidemic in the Caribbean is an important issue for outbreak management and modeling work. As the chikungunya virus had never circulated in the Caribbean, determining the seroconversion rate can be achieved by realizing a seroprevalence survey among the general population at the end of the outbreak. Another simple method is to estimate the rate in a cohort of patients followed regularly and whose habitat is distributed throughout the territory studied. The follow up of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the French West Indies is almost exclusively performed in hospitals in department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases.The high prevalence of HIV and homogeneous distribution of infected patients on all of our territories, allow to hypothesize that the risk of transmission of arboviruses by exposure to mosquito bites is comparable to the general population. This patient cohort is well suited to study the emergence of Chikungunya in the French West Indie . Primary objective : To estimate the cumulative incidence at the end of the first Chikungunya outbreak in the French West Indies by estimating the prevalence of specific antibodies of chikungunya virus in a sample (randomly constituted) from patients infected by HIV and representative of the general population of Martinique and Guadeloupe Secondary objective : To estimate the frequency of asymptomatic infections by the chikungunya virus in the studied population To estimate the frequency of chronic forms of chikungunya in the studied population

The results found in the literature do not allow to define objectively the indications respective for a one-step or a two-step exchange of prosthetic joint. Some criteria could help to decide for one-step exchange or two-step exchange: bacteria is/are identified, profile of the bacteria, anesthetic difficulties,.. A puncture could allow to identify the bacteria involved in the prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and an antibiotherapy for a few days can be given to the patient in order to decrease the inoculum. Then, a one-step exchange can be performed. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of patients who had a pre-treatment before a one-step exchange of their prosthetic joint.

This is a longitudinal, single-center, prospective study to determine the efficiency of WBC Count, CRP, PCT, Neutrophil CD64 and Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen- DR in the diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications in colorectal cancer surgery

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common types of infections in older persons. The general aim of this study is to improve the epidemiological knowledge and develop a better diagnostic algorithm for urinary tract infections in older institutionalized individuals in order to reduce excessive prescribing of antibiotics and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

The aim of this study is to conduct an Asia-Pacific, multi-center, prospective observational study to characterize patients with CDI as well as to understand treatment and management of the disease.

A multi-center, retrospective study of cases of serious bacterial infections including complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP), Hospital Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (HABP), Ventilator Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (VABP), and/or bacteremia caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)

NIDIAG is an international collaboration on integrated diagnosis-treatment platforms, funded by the European Commission (EC). NIDIAG aims to develop an improved, patient-centred system for delivering primary health care in resource-constrained settings. NIDIAG will investigate three clinical syndromes, namely (i) persistent digestive disorders, (ii) persistent fever and (iii) neurological disorders, due to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The current study focuses on persistent digestive disorders, which are defined as diarrhoea or abdominal pain that last for at least 2 weeks. While acute diarrhoea has been studied globally, few research activities have focused on the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of long-lasting diarrhoeal episodes (2 weeks and longer) in the tropics. The spectrum of possibly involved pathogens includes more than 30 bacterial, parasitic and viral infectious agents. This lack of data may be explained by the fact that people suffering from NTDs might only seek care at a late stage of the disease. Furthermore, health systems in affected regions are often weak and their primary health-care centres are often under-staffed and lack essential diagnostic equipment. The hypothesis of this study is that development of an evidence-based syndromic approach can lead to better diagnosis and management of NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders. The study will be carried out in two West African countries (Côte d'Ivoire and Mali) and in two Asian countries (Indonesia and Nepal). The study will follow a "case-control" design and patients and controls will be prospectively enrolled. In order to address the knowledge gaps, three specific objectives will be pursued. First, the contribution of NTDs to the 'persistent digestive disorders syndrome' will be assessed. Second, the value of clinical features and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of target NTDs that give rise to persistent digestive disorders will be determined. Third, the clinical response to standard empiric and targeted treatment of several NTDs in patients with persistent digestive disorders will be evaluated. These objectives will provide a long-term benefit for the communities by improving the clinical decision-making process for the target NTDs and thus, better diagnostic work-up and patient management can be achieved in the study countries and other similar resource-constrained countries

All patients undergoing autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) for any underlying disease will be monitored for severe infections by gram negative bacteria (SIGNB) during the engraftment period. The follow up will be stopped at 4 months from the day of transplant. About 50 transplant centers will be involved in the study.

The purpose of this prospective study is to investigate the association between the amount of residual urine and asymptomatic bacterial prostate infection with the occurrence of recurrent (>2 /year) symptomatic urinary tract infections in patients suffering from chronic (> 1 year) spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction performing intermittent catheterization. The following hypotheses will be tested: The amount of residual urine after intermittent catheterization is significantly greater in SCI patients suffering from frequent (>2 /year) urinary tract infections compared to those without. The incidence of asymptomatic bacterial prostate infections is significantly higher in SCI patients suffering from frequent (>2 /year) urinary tract infections compared to those without.