Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to review patients with E. coli infections at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) from September 1, 2006 to August 31, 2007 to determine if these infections have arisen in the community rather than in hospitals or nursing homes. The occurrence of such resistant isolates could be devastating if they were associated with bloodstream infection, such as sometimes accompanies a urinary tract infection, since antibiotic resistant E. coli is not suspected in isolates coming from the community. Therefore, the aims of this study are to: Review whether extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms (E. coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus species) are hospital-acquired, healthcare-associated, or community-associated. Investigate the prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli in foodstuffs (beef, poultry, turkey, and pork), as a potential source for ESBL producers in the community. Compare the clonal relationship of the genome and resistance plasmids carried by the ESBL-producing isolates (healthcare-associated, community-associated, and of animal origin) and study the associations of ESBL-mediated resistance with resistance to other classes of antimicrobials.

Surgical site infections are associated with high morbidity and cost Hypothesis: Extended intraoperative hygiene measures decrease surgical site infections in general surgery compared to standard hygiene measures.

The purpose of this study is to determine clinical and urodynamic risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in 5-18 years old children.

RATIONALE: Collecting the T cells from a donor and transplanting them into a patient may be effective treatment for immunodeficiency syndrome and CMV infection. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying the emergency use of adoptive immunotherapy with CMV-specific T cells after donor bone marrow transplant of an infant with immunodeficiency syndrome and CMV infection.

The purpose of this study is to determine risk factors for HPV infections in 25 to 65 year old women who report having used internet dating websites in the past year.

The retrospective study will help determine whether or not placement of new devices prior to the recommended time was associated with a high risk of relapse or treatment failure.

This protocol will screen healthy normal volunteers for participation in studies of vaccines under development at NIAID's Vaccine Research Center. Of interest are vaccines for: Newly identified infectious diseases such as SARS. Infectious diseases of concern as possible bioweapons, such as smallpox and Ebola virus Emerging infectious diseases that are more widespread geographically than in the past, such as West Nile virus For preventing diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria. Healthy normal volunteers between 18 and 70 years of age may be eligible for this protocol. Screening begins about 1 to 6 months before the start of the vaccine study. Participants will have a physical examination and health history, including questions about sexual activity and drug use. Over the course of the screening visits, participants will be asked to give urine and blood samples to test for various infections and other medical problems. Women capable of getting pregnant will be given a pregnancy test. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding will not be enrolled in the study. At the end of the screening, participants will be informed about which vaccines are currently being tested in clinical trials for which they may be eligible. Once participants enroll in a vaccine study, their participation in the screening protocol ends.

To determine the value of increasing use of piperacillin/tazobactam as empiric therapy and restricting extended-spectrum cephalosporins in reducing the cases of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in hematology and oncology units

The study is designed to evaluate interferon responses to CMV in HIV positive individuals and a component will look at interferon responses to CMV in HIV positive individuals over time after commencement of antiretroviral therapy. We will also look at the correlation between CD4 T cell numbers and HLA type with the interferon response.

To provide early access to tipranavir and evaluate the safety and tolerance of tipranavir combined with low dose of ritonavir in patients with progressive, HIV-1 disease who have failed or are intolerant to currently approved treatments for HIV infection, who are unable to participate in another tipranavir controlled clinical trial and have an urgent need for anti-HIV treatment.