Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to validate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel host-response based diagnostic tool for differentiating between bacterial and viral etiologies in adult patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspicion of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)

Pressure ulcer represents a frequent clinical condition in patient with spinal cord injury or after prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay. Osteomyelitis constitutes a severe complication with a poorly known management, and is associated with a high rate of relapse, leading to a high-burden in hospital bed-days, financial cost, surgical intervention, antibiotic use, morbidity and mortality, and nursing care. In our reference center for bone and joint infection management, the medical and surgical strategies are systematically discussed during pluridisciplinary meetings. Most patients benefit from a two-stage surgical strategy (debridement with initiation of vacuum-assisted closure therapy until reconstruction using muscular flap) with prolonged antimicrobial therapy. In this context, our study aims to evaluate this complex approach and to determine risk factors of treatment failure in order to improve patient management, focusing on optimization of empirical antimicrobial therapy after each surgical stage, delay between the two surgical stage, and duration of antimicrobial therapy.

Untreated maternal infection with gonorrhea and/or chlamydia can have serious complications in pregnancy and the neonatal period. In Ontario, routine screening for these infections is done in the first trimester of pregnancy, positive cases are treated with antibiotics, and all newborns are given antibiotic eye ointment within 24 hours of birth. Recently, the Canadian Pediatric Society recommended stopping universal prophylaxis for newborns, with instead, focus on screening and treatment of these infections in pregnancy. Given that these infections can occur at any time in pregnancy, and exposure at delivery provides a significant risk to infants, more information is needed about the rates of infection throughout pregnancy and health-care provider compliance with guidelines to make this change without undue risk. With this information optimal timing of testing can be evaluated.

Bloodstream infections caused by non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) are a major killing disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the high case fatality rate, the main reservoir -human, zoonotic or environmental- for invasive NTS rests unknown. The main objective of this study is to assess the household environment (household member, cattle and pets, rats) for intestinal carriage of NTS and the household water supply for presence of NTS . Households of children with proven NTS invasive infection will be addressed.

Healthcare - Associated Infection Surveillance In Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Assiut University Children's Hospital.The objective of study is to determine the incidence, infection sites, causative organisms and risk factors related to healthcare-associated infections in NICU in Assiut University Children hospital.

Pharmacological treatment of physiologic Gastro-esophageal Reflux disease (GERD) is excessive in France, as 65%-85% of children below 11 years are being treated, frequently with Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) PPI have been associated, in adults, with an increase of infection rate but data in pediatry are scarce, especially in community medecine. Recently a study conducted in England brought up controversial results suggesting that the use of PPIs can be associated with a reduced risk of community acquired pneumonia. Our study was aimed to assess, on a population-based database, the association between PPI prescription and community infections in children of 11 years or under.

The objective of this project is to study the prevalence of viruses and bacteria responsible for transmissible acute respiratory infections in the respiratory tract of pilgrims returning from the trip. The patients included, will be the consultant pilgrims to the traveler health center, and before leaving for Hajj. Based on the results obtained in previous studies, it is estimated that 200 pilgrims will be included each year, 600 in total (inclusion period of 3 years). Respiratory secretions are then collected by nasal swab and throat (swab) prior to departure for the hajj. In return, patients will be reconvened systematic consultation to record medical events potentially encountered during the trip, and it will again be performed the same nasal swabs and throat. It will then be performed on these samples' return from hajj "molecular detection (PCR and RT-PCR) of 35 viruses and bacteria respiratory tropism: influenza (3), RSV (2), metapneumovirus (1), Coronavirus (4), Parainfluenzavirus (4), enteroviruses (4), rhinovirus (1), adenovirus (6) bocavirus, polyomavirus (2), pneumococcus, Bordetella pertussis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Coxiella burnetii. Samples "return of hajj" positive should be cultured for the isolation of the strain. For patients positive return, it will be done further research of these 35 viruses and bacteria on samples "start of hajj," the same method described above. In addition to this systematic consultation, and if symptoms return, the pilgrims will be seen in consultation for a diagnosis evaluation and therapeutic management. This study will shed light on the acquisition of microorganisms respiratory tropism during the stay and on the potential risks associated with the circulation of these pathogens after the trip.

This project aims to establish the correlation between intestinal microbiota with inflammatory biomarkers, intestinal morphology, vascular reactivity and degree of hepatic fibrosis in patients with different degrees of glucose tolerance and body adiposity.

Severe malaria and bacterial Blood Stream Infections (bBSI) are impossible to differentiate clinically. This poses a particular threat in low resource areas, where bBSI is often not diagnosed due to the unavailability of rapid diagnostic means. Even if used appropriately, the sensitivity of blood culture to diagnose bBSI is estimated to be around 50%. To counter the high mortality rate associated with bBSI, antibiotics are often prescribed without microbiological confirmation. Sysmex Company has developed technology that enables the rapid diagnosis of malaria using a venous blood sample. In addition algorithms based on hematological parameters can be used to monitor disease severity and progression, as well as guide further diagnostic testing based on differences seen in these parameters between various types of disease. The algorithms have been developed and tested in adult populations from different industrialized countries and in one Asian population. However no data are available neither from pediatric patients, nor from the sub-Saharan setting where the epidemiology of infectious diseases is very different from the tested settings. The objective of the study is to: 1) Assess the sensitivity and specificity of the Sysmex hematology analyzer based on the new technology to diagnose malaria in subjects older than 3 months, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic area in sub-Saharan Africa 2) Test and optimize the value of Sysmex analyzers in disease diagnosis and monitoring in children older than 5 years and adults, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic region in sub-Saharan Africa, to differentiate between severe malaria and bBSI, or a combination of these infections. 3) Explore the value of Sysmex analyzers in disease diagnosis and monitoring in children between 3 months and 5 years of age, who present with an acute severe febrile illness in a malaria endemic region in sub-Saharan Africa.

Reporting patterns and results of initial antibiotic treatment in patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP) including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) - RECOMMEND Study