Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

To evaluate the Quantiferon-CMV test ability to predict occurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease o treated infection after kidney transplantation. Patients studied are those already infected by CMV before transplantation ("seropositive"). Patients given thymoglobulin as induction therapy receive CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir, while those given basiliximab undergo weekly monitoring for CMV viremia with preemptive treatment as needed.

Clarithromycin (CLA)、amoxicillin (AMO)、metronidazole (MET)、levofloxacin (LEV) and tetracycline (TET) are commonly used antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) therapy. However, the efficacy of treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection has decreased due to increasing resistance to CLA, MET and LEV. Studies had reported that beside antibiotics resistance, other factors such as age, sex, underlying disease, etc. may also affect the treatment efficacy. In some cases, when the MIC values were beyond the breakpoint, H. pylori strains with lower MIC value had better eradication than the ones with higher MIC value. However, few study investigated the relationship between MIC values and treatment outcome. The investigators aimed to analyze the impact of influencing factors, especially minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value, on the efficacy of different treatment regimens.

To assess the association between Clostridium difficile (CD) toxins' serum levels and the grade of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) severity/failure to CDI treatment and rate of recurrence. Furthermore, the kinetics of CD toxins in serum of CDI patients undergoing anti-CDI treatment, as well as the relationship between serum toxins levels and length of CDI diarrhea will be evaluated.

In the present study the dynamic changes of the intestinal microbiome are observed over a 4-week period in the different stages of the menstrual cycle in women at childbearing age. The focus is on how the dynamic changes of sex hormones during a menstrual cycle of women at childbearing age (with or without contraception) are related to microbiological colonization of the gut. In Addition the Expression of the β-glucuronidase by the bacteria will be investigated.

Daptomycin is validated as a treatment of bone and joint infections by the Infectious Disease Society of America. However, most of studies did not investigate daptomycin pharmacokinetics in this indication while it is known that efficacy and toxicity concentration studies show a close therapeutic margin. Evaluation of P-Glycoprotein (P-gp), a transmembrane transport protein, has demonstrated its influence on the concentration and intracellular activity of daptomycin. Recent work has linked the genetic polymorphism of P-gp to the pharmacokinetics of daptomycin, which may explain inter-individual variability but requires further explorations. Previous studies demonstrated existence of interindividual variabilities as sex, renal function and p-glycoprotein polymorphism couple with an intraindividual variabilities unexplained yet. A population approach will be used to determinate the pharmacokinetics factors, their intra and interindividual variabilities, the parameters associated to those variabilities (as the p glycoprotein). The investigator's goal is to evaluate different posology and to try to increase daptomycin efficacy and security in bone and joint infection.

Despite advances in medicine, secondary neonatal infection remains a continuing concern because of the associated high morbidity and mortality. The usual mechanism of infection responds to the transmission of germs by the equipment used for care (eg, catheters) and by the hands of caregivers. In preterm infants in particular, some infections can also have an endogenous source, by translocation of colonization germs present in the digestive tract. The first line of prevention of secondary infection corresponds to compliance with the rules of hand hygiene, work surfaces and equipment carried out, the effect of which on the control of the incidence of secondary infection is regularly demonstrated. When declared, bacterial infection should be treated as quickly as possible with appropriate and effective antibiotics to preserve the healing prognosis. Compared to the infant and the larger child, clinical signs of calling are atypical and discrete. In the absence of staff trained to monitor newborns specifically, there is a real risk of discovering the existence of the infection only at an advanced stage corresponding, among other things, to circulatory collapse. This risk is not completely excluded, even with experienced practitioners, because the positive signs are rude and may go unnoticed (eg, signs of calling such as fever are rare in the newborn). Support for early diagnosis of neonatal infection by automatic monitoring systems has reduced mortality by 30% in the units where it has been applied. This is probably due to the fact that early warning made it possible to start the antibiotic treatment earlier and to complete the bacteriological diagnosis in order to better orient the therapeutic attitude. The best criteria for early diagnosis by automated systems were provided by the statistical analysis of cardiac variability, the results of the research and correspond to the standard deviation, the asymmetry and the entropy of the series d Cardiac intervals. Since microbial aggression has an impact on many vegetative variables outside of the electrocardiogram, our current research aims to determine whether the analysis of the perfusion index (PI) Which are of interest for detecting disturbances in the early stages of infection in newborns. IP corresponds to the ratio of the amplitude of the oscillating phase to the intensity of the constant part of the opto-plethysmography wave; It is obtained from signals recorded in a non-invasive manner by the same infrared sensor for pulse oximetry.

To evaluate the efficacy of a new screening for infectious diseases: tuberculosis, HIV, HBV and HCV, based on risk factors questionnaires (TB screen for tuberculosis and TROD screen for HIV and hepatitis) amongst a population of legal migrants during their mandatory medical check-up. This study aims for a global improvement of screening and care for migrants.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of skin cleansing and prophylactic antibiotics given to women undergoing a cesarean section for reducing the incidence of postpartum infectious morbidity and to assess potential maternal adverse effects and any impact on the infant.

Hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and an independent predictor of mortality in patients with and without diabetes. Though percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the incidence of heart failure, re-infarction and death in hyperglycemic patients remains significant, with a mortality of more than 40% one year after the event. In these STEMI patients dual anti-aggregation therapy is currently the gold standard after PCI, but bleeding phenomena, and therapeutic resistance may reduce their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is likely that the individual response to the dual anti-aggregation therapy, and the hyperglycemic stress, may influence resistance mechanisms, and/or lead to an increase in pharmacological functional deactivation by the microbiotic flora. The term microbiota indicates the totality of the genomes of microorganisms that reside in an ecological niche, and which constitute the "human microbiota". In this context, the analysis of the faecal microbiota before PCI, at hospital discharge and at follow-up, could be considered useful for identifying hyperglycaemic patients with alteration of metabolic-oxidative processes, and pro-thrombotic correlates with worse post procedural prognosis. Therefore, the analysis of faecal microbiota during the STEMI event could theoretically identify hyperglycemic patients with excessive inflammatory and oxidative tone caused by hyperglycemia, conditioning resistance to double anti-aggregation therapy and coronary stenting, and conditioning pro-thrombotic phenomena after coronary reperfusion by PCI. Therefore, authors will conduct a study to analyze the microbiota in patients with acute hyperglycaemic and normoglycemic coronary syndrome. The primary objective of this study will be to evaluate any changes in the microbiota and its activity on faecal material taken before PCI, and after 6 and 12 months in patients with hyperglycemic STEMI, and also evaluate if the changes in the microbiota can be related to the 12-month prognosis.

The investigators aim to study the prevalence of adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and determine the risk factors of anti-TB drug-related toxicity in LTBI in Korean health care workers(HCWs).