Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common complication of end-stage liver disease due to various causes. The initial anti-infective medication is appropriate and the patient's survival rate is closely related. Ascitic fluid bacterial culture takes a long time, the positive rate is low, it is difficult to guide the timely use of antimicrobial drugs, empirical medicine based on evidence-based medicine for SBP in patients with end-stage liver disease is essential. The American College of Hepatology and the European Society of Hepatology recommend the use of third-generation cephalosporins as the first choice of empirical therapy in patients with end-stage liver disease associated with community-acquired SBP. Patients with merger of hospital-acquired SBP with piperacillin / tazobactam or carbapenem +/- glycopeptide antibiotics is the first choice for empirical medication. There is no clear recommendation in China. In recent years, the conclusions of international clinical research in this area have been in disagreement with the recommendations. As a key factor in the selection of empirical antibiotics is local bacterial resistance data, these findings are difficult to evidence-based medicine for Chinese doctors. This project intends to observe the efficacy of different initial anti-infective regimens in Chinese patients with end-stage liver disease with SBP and 30-day and 60-day non-liver transplant survival rates, providing evidence-based medical evidence for the empirical use of such patients.

This study is to answer the question is there any relationship between viral ( HSV 1 , HSV 2 , HPV 6/11, CMV, HHV 6 , HHV 8, BKV) or bacterial (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum) infection and occurrence of varicocele in men.

Post operative complication after hepatopancreatobiliary surgery is high as 30-50%，which is the main reason for patient admitted to ICU. Several biomarkers have been shown to be useful in the early diagnosis of sepsis and systemic bacterial infection. The purpose of this study is to assess the predictive value of biomarkers for early complication after hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and assess the effectiveness of anti-infectious therapy.

This study will describe clinical outcomes in patients who received ceftolozane-tazobactam for a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Primary outcomes include 30-day and in-hospital mortality.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are frequent in organ transplant recipients. Peptic ulcers and related pathologies such as gastritis and duodenitis are known to occur with increased frequency (20-60%) and severity in renal transplant recipients. The frequency of severe complications is about 10% among transplant recipients and 10% of those might prove fatal As kidney transplant recipients have to take immunosuppressive drugs for a lifetime and because these drugs have many side effects that may not be differentiated from H. pylori infection Thus, in order to reduce the use of medications and subsequently to reduce the drug interactions ,proper detection and management of H pylori infection in those patients is preferred.

The correct timing and technique of neural tube defect (NTD) repairs significantly decreases the morbidity and mortality of NTD cases. However, infections related to the surgery are still common. We investigated the effects of topical rifampicin (RIF) combined with routine prophylaxis in newborns with open NTD.

The aim of the present study is to characterize the bacterial composition (microbiota) colonizing to the human body in different physio - pathological conditions (lifestyle, motor activity, surgical operations, probiotic and prebiotic consumption, antibiotic therapies, chemotherapeutic therapies), nervous and musculoskeletal diseases, gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders , oral and vaginal diseases, etc.). In particular, they will be investigate: the changes in the bacterial abundance the potential microbial interactions with the human host the microbial networks describing on the bacterial interactions within a specific composition of the human microbiota

It has been reported that mouse cytomegalovirus infection alone can elevate the blood pressure in mice. Since HCMV has uniquely evolved with its human host, with little genetic similarity to the animal CMV counterparts, and it only replicates in human, an epidemiological study is required to define the relevance of HCMV infection and expression of hcmv-miRNA-UL112 to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. The investigators found that hcmv-miR-UL112, a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-encoded miRNA, was highly expressed in the hypertensive patients. Among the top miRNA target predictions, the investigators demonstrate that IRF-1 is a direct target gene of hcmv-miR-UL112, along with MICB that has been previously reported. Both IRF-1 and MICB play critical roles in immuno/inflammatory and anti-infection response. Thus, the investigators speculated that IRF-1 and MICB repression by hcmv-miR-UL112 could be considered a unifying mechanism that evades the host response at several levels: antiviral, inflammatory, and immune. In addition, there is an increasing evidence that IRF-1 may be important in apoptosis, angiogenesis, neointima formation and the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. IRF-1 can up-regulate angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AGTR2) that exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic actions and affects regulation of blood pressure. It has been reported that the targeted disruption of the mouse AGTR2 gene resulted in a significant increase in blood pressure and increased sensitivity to angiotensin II. The nitric oxide synthase expression and NO synthesis in macrophages and distinct cardiomyocytes are induced and controlled by IRF-1 in response to inflammation, important steps in vascular biology that may improve endothelial function and inhibit smooth muscle cell migration, and a key pathophysiological event in hypertension. Collectively, these reports support a strong relationship between IRF-1 regulation and hypertension, indicating a potential role of hcmv-miR-UL112 and HCMV infection in the pathogenesis of hypertension.Thus, the investigators want to investigate the potential link between HCMV infection and essential hypertension.

Iron deficiency is considered one of the main nutritional deficiency disorders despite the apparent availability of a high-quality diet even in developed countries, and Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia in the world. IDA during pregnancy has been associated with adverse health consequences for both the mother and her developing fetus. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) may be the most common bacterial infection worldwide, infecting almost half of people in developed countries and 80% of people in developing countries. The available data on the prevalence of Hp infection in Taiwan population was 54.4%. We all know that infection with Hp is strongly associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, but recent evidence suggests that Hp is associated with iron deficiency and anemia, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Till now, only few previous studies specifically have addressed a potential role of Hp infection on anemia or iron deficiency during pregnancy. Our previous Research showed, between the Hp infection (+) and Hp infection (-) gravidas, the associations between the Hp infection and iron deficiency were stronger, although not statistically significant. This might be due to that we needed more cases and evidences to prove the relationship between maternal Hp infection and serum iron, ferritin and hemoglobin levels, or we should further consider the interactions of the particular customs or diet preference of the Taiwanese gravidas. This longitudinal study will recruit 140 women from the antenatal care clinics of E-Da Hospital to examine the association between Hp infection and maternal IDA. The standardized interviews of mothers (anthropometric data, socioeconomic status, medical history, obstetric history, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and history and duration of iron supplementation during pregnancy) will be conducted, Hp infection status will be determined by the urea breath test and IgG enzyme immunoassay, and the measurement of hemoglobin, iron, and ferritin levels will be obtained 5 times at various antepartum and postpartum points of time during pregnancy (routine prenatal visits of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, puerperium and 2 weeks after delivery). We hope that we could investigate the possible role of Hp infection in iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy in Taiwan, and that early detection and treatment of anemia may reduce the risk of blood transfusion and perinatal and maternal mortality.

The Oncoped 2006 study implements a multicenter prospective surveillance module for nosocomial infections in pediatric cancer patients.