Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Egyptian children attending to healthcare facilitates using different diagnostic tools.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat worldwide and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-E) are a leading cause because of their wide dissemination. Gut microbiota seems to be correlated with multi-drug resistant organism carriage. This study thus aims to analyse the correlation between gut microbiota, ESBL-E fecal carriage and subsequent infection.

Infections pose a serious threat to cancer patients in chemotherapy. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is of paramount importance as infections may be life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals. Traditionally, the C-reactive protein (CRP) has been used as a marker of infection. However, the CRP is also often elevated in cancer patients and as a marker CRP may be unreliable in cancer patients. Other markers for infection includes procalcitonin which has been showed to be of some value for the diagnose of bacterial infections. This study examines procalcitonin as a potential marker of bacterial infection in cancer patients.

The purpose of this study is to find a correlation between function of cytomegalovirus -specific T cells and the probability for intrauterine transmission.

Data from this study will provide the first information how the innate immune system may be altered in HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV co-infected individuals, and describe Toll-like receptor changes with HIV co-infection therapy.

A prospective epidemiological study conducted in pediatric hematology oncology center in Hadassah medical center. The study will include all newly diagnosed pediatric cancer patients age 0-18 years admitted with fever during chemotherapy. In each event of febrile episode during chemotherapy, the following data will be collected using a patient data form and computerized software. Demographic data: age, gender, ethnicity. Clinical data: Underlying disease, immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, presence of central venous catheter, intensity of chemotherapy, duration of fever, duration and severity of neutropenia, diagnosis of present event. Imaging data Microbiological data Outcome The statistical analysis will be performed by an epidemiologist and statistician using the SPSS 12.0 software.

It is traditionally considered that the development of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) is due to the M. tuberculosis ability to develop a dormancy state within well-structured lesions (granulomas), which can remain in the lung of the host even for life. A new original hypothesis has been developed in the Experimental Tuberculosis Unit based on scientific evidence that take into account the idea that a lesion cannot be held forever, because the host tends to remove any lesion in order to rebuild the original parenchyma, in a healing process. Even if M. tuberculosis can remain in a dormant/non-replicating state for a long period, this is an important but not sufficient factor to explain the LTBI. The Dynamic Hypothesis tries to explain the existence of LTBI in spite of the healing process that could remove it by a constant reinfection of the host's tissue. While the "Static" view defends the induction of active TB after the reactivation of the bacilli from and old lesion; while the "Dynamic" view wants to demonstrate that there is a constant induction of new granulomas. In case one of these new lesions takes place in the upper lobe privileged zone, the possibility to induce a cavity would appear, developing an active Tuberculosis (TB).

The aim of this study is to see if multiplex strip PCR will detect the pathogen that causing eye infection from the corneal scraping samples with higher sensitivity and specificity than the current gold standard.

The aim of this cohort is to identify environmental, lifestyle and genetic factors that modify the human intestinal microbiota development during the first years of life, and to identify early microbiota features that associate to child health and well-being with focus on the development of allergic diseases and overweight.

All chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were diagnosed and treated in the liver disease department of the Hepatology Center of Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University and those who received antiviral therapy (interferon and nucleoside analogues) reached HBsAg<100 IU/ml. The enrolled subjects were divided into the following six observation cohorts: 1) CHB patients in the immunological control period, without any clinical treatment intervention; 2) After interferon therapy, HBsAg<100 IU/ml, continued interferon therapy; 3) After interferon therapy, HBsAg<100 IU/ml, stopped interferon treatment; 4) After interferon therapy, HBsAg<100 IU/ml, sequential nucleoside analog treatment; 5) After nucleoside analogue treatment, HBsAg<100 IU/ml, sequential interferon treatment; 6) After treated with nucleoside analogues, HBsAg<100 IU/ml, continuing the nucleoside analog treatment. The follow-up observation period was 96 weeks under non-planned intervention. During the observation period, HBV indicators and biochemical indicators, serum AFP and liver imaging (liver ultrasound) were examined regularly. The main evaluation index was the incidence of HBsAg disappearance during the observation period. Secondary evaluation indicators: the rate of HBV DNA turning positive, the rate of HBeAg turning positive and hepatitis incidence. To observe the inactive carrier status of low HBsAg content and the incidence of HBsAg disappearance, clinical outcomes and influencing factors in patients with CHB under different antiviral interventions.