Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Factors associated with severe forms of COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) or Autoimmune Diseases (AID) are unknown. This unprecedented situation leads to empirical and potentially erroneous advice and recommendations for care. Identifying factors associated with severity, in the context of this pandemic, which is expected to last many months, and possibly years, is crucial for future patients. The objective of this work is to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of severe forms of COVID-19 infection in patients with IRD or AID, by combining analysis of 2 large databases.

to describe the profile of uropathogenic E coli from Egyptian pregnant women with UTIs and a symptomatic bacteriuria. to determine the susceptibility pattern of our local isolated UPEC strains which is essential for optimal management of UTI. to evaluate the different virulence genes in UPEC isolates and their association with antibiotic resistance. to track common UPEC serogroups. to investigate the biofilm formation and the relationship between virulence genes and biofilm formation in UPEC strains isolated from patients.

Intracranial infection is one of the common clinical complications after neurosurgery, especially after external cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Postoperative intracranial infection has a very high incidence, and its incidence is about 0.34%-3.1%. Once infection occurs, it will directly affect the length of hospitalization, mortality and disability of postoperative patients. The pathogenic bacteria of postoperative intracranial infections include G-bacteria and G+ bacteria, and fungi. Common G+ bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus. Common G-bacteria are Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria, Escherichia coli and so on. In recent years, studies have reported that postoperative intracranial infections of G-bacteria are gradually increasing. In the previous study of our research group, it was found that Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for the top two pathogens of postoperative intracranial infections in ICU. In particular, the proportion of carbapenem-resistant G-bacteria has increased, which brings difficulty and challenge to the treatment and seriously affects the prognosis of patients. Different pathogen infections may lead to different prognosis of patients with intracranial infection after neurosurgery. With different pathogens as the starting point, there are few studies comparing the clinical features, risk factors, and prognosis of intracranial infections after neurosurgery. Therefore, it is great significant to explore and understand different pathogenic bacteria, risk factors, drug resistance, treatment options, and prognosis after neurosurgery.

This study aims to develop new assays for synovial fluid analysis able to improve diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections. In particular, use of synovial calprotectin as marker of infection, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis and methods to assess antimicrobial susceptibility will be evaluated in synovial fluids collected from patients with septic and aseptic failure of the prosthetic implant.

The objective of this study is to document the residual burden of acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs), acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs), otitis media (OMs) and auditory functional and anatomical abnormalities in children under the age of 5 years in Nunavik who will be exposed to PHiD-CV in combination with PCV-7 or PCV-13. The comparison groups will be the cohorts of children who received no PCV vaccine (those born in 1994-1996) and those exposed to PCV-7 exclusively (those born in 2003-2007).

The study is the WP4 of the EU-funded (7th FW) project SATURN (Impact of Specific Antibiotic Therapies on the prevalence of hUman host ResistaNt bacteria). A total of 6 surgical and 6 medical wards will participate in the study. Sites of the study are located in 3 countries (Italy, Serbia, Romania). This WP will compare nosocomial acquisition rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacteria (E.coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp.) among different treatment groups and define the temporal relationship between the start of antibiotic therapy, the acquisition of new colonisation in patients previously not colonised, and the development of a bacterial infection caused by the same strain isolated in a screening sample. This goal will be achieved by completing the following primary objectives: To determine the rate of acquisition of target antibiotic-resistant bacteria by 1,000 antibiotic-days according to different classes of antibiotics, duration of therapy and antibiotic combination (monotherapy versus combination therapy); To determine genotypic relation between colonising and infecting strain in the same patient and patients' and hospital staff colonising strains (to be performed in collaboration with WP1 of the SATURN project); To study the virulence and fitness of the isolates (i.e. new colonising strains) causing subsequent nosocomial infections (to be performed in collaboration with WP1 of SATURN project); To predict the risk for nosocomial infections due to target bacteria after a single treatment therapy adjusted by length of hospitalisation and ward colonisation pressure.

Worldwide, central nervous system infections such as inflammation of brain (encephalitis), inflammation of meninges (meningitis) and sudden onset of weakness of muscles which maybe infectious in origin result in significant illness and death and healthcare costs. Vast majority of central nervous system infections remain without an identifiable cause. There is also concern about new and emerging infections. This study thus intends to fill in the gaps in knowledge with regards to central nervous system infections in Singapore to give a thorough description of burden of causes of central nervous system infections and detection of outbreaks of new pathogens. Patients suspected of central nervous system infection will be recruited from 5 restructured Singapore hospitals and their blood and other clinical specimens will be sent for testing. Patients will also be followed up to assess long term outcomes and socio-economic costs of these infections. This will help clinicians, policymakers and public health officials in estimating financial and societal costs of CNs infections in Singapore.

The purpose of this observational, exploratory study in patients undergoing any cardiac valve replacement or repair is to assess the rate of bacterial colonization over native degenerative calcified cardiac valves.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of liver injury by statins in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

The present study focuses on patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) sepsis. The aim of the present study is to find out whether the M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype predominates in blood monocytes in critically ill patients with PSA-sepsis, and whether the severity of sepsis and outcome is associated with distinct monocyte phenotype and function.