Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

The aim of this study is to reveal how different forms of milk casein, lactose and moderate breakdown of proteins affect the symptoms that may arise from milk and markers of inflammation in volunteers receiving symptoms from milk. Research hypotheses are: 1) Protein hydrolyzed milk is as tolerated or better tolerated than A2 milk, and 2) Lactose is the main causative agent of stomach symptoms in milk-sensitive individuals.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the response of the immune system to bacterial components differs between patients with severe COPD compared to those with less severe COPD.

Background: Researchers want to better understand the body s immune response to calorie restriction. To do this, they are asking healthy volunteers to fast for 24 hours. Researchers will test immune response before and after fasting. Objectives: To explore the benefits of calorie restriction on immune health. Eligibility: Healthy volunteers ages 21 to 37 with a body mass index between 22 and 29. Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, and blood tests. Participants will visit NIH after an overnight fast. Their baseline immune response will be taken. They will give blood and urine samples. Then they will be given breakfast. This visit will take about 2 hours. Participants will fast (not eat or drink anything except water) for the next 24 hours. They will return to NIH the next morning. Their immune response will be taken. They will give blood and urine samples. Then they will be given breakfast. Their immune response will be taken 3 hours later. They will give a blood sample. This visit will take about 4 hours.

UPDATED May 2016: Originally the study design included investigation of the effects of the bioactive compound resveratrol compared to placebo tablets and to CPAP treatment. Due to fewer subjects having OSA than estimated by pre-study and, therefore, difficulties in the recruiting process the investigators have found it necessary to descale the study design. Hence, we have discontinued the resveratrol and CPAP intervention and will focus on the cross-sectional investigation of metabolic changes in subjects with and without OSA and the effect of weight loss after bariatric surgery on inflammation, OSA severity, metabolism and arterial stiffness. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder especially among obese individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. OSA is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment. Also weight loss is known to reduce the severity of OSA, especially bariatric surgery has proven effective because of the massive weight loss. The investigators hypothesize that OSA via pro-inflammatory responses in various tissues causes low-grade inflammation which ultimately induce the associated co-morbidities. The investigators hypothesize that massive weight loss after bariatric surgery have beneficial effects on severity of OSA, inflammatory status and improves insulin sensitivity.

During last 6 years approximately 10.000 ceramic balls and 5.000 ceramic liners have been implanted in the region Emilia-Romagna in Italy (4 million Every single year approximately 60.000 hip prostheses are implanted in Italy. Quality of life of patients after surgery is very good, as widely demonstrated in the literature. On the basis of data produced by the only complete hip register in Italy that is run in our Lab (RIPO, Register of Orthopedic Implants in the Region Emilia-Romagna) survival rate of primary total hip prosthesis is 95.6% at 9 years. Reasons for revision are mainly aseptic loosening of one or both components (40% of the total) and dislocation (26%), being the latter much more frequent in the first two years. Less frequently revision is due to sepsis (7% of the total),bone fracture (11%), prosthesis fracture (3%) or pain (3%). Revision is relates, among the others, to prosthesis-related factors, such as fixation to bone and articular coupling. In our experience, during the last ten years 32% of implants had both articular component in ceramic , 34% had metal head and plastic liner, 24% ceramic head and plastic liner, 10% both components in metal. Each solution has strengths and weakness and they have been identified and clinically applied in order to overcome step by step limitations observed in the previous one. The most recent are the hard-on-hard bearings, that is ceramic on ceramic and metal on metal. These two solutions, beside very promising results on wear resistance, show some peculiar failures: respectively fracture of the ceramic component and hypersensitivity induced by metal ions. Aim of research proposal is to investigate two uncommon and less investigated early symptoms of failure: 'noising hip' in ceramic on ceramic total hip arthroplasty pain without radiographic signs of loosening in metal on metal total hip arthroplasty These two situations are extremely relevant, as they prelude to a failure of the prosthesis. If clearly identified they could represent a powerful tool in early diagnosis of pending failure To reach this goal our patients wearing hard-on-hard total hip arthroplasty, suffering for described symptoms will undergone a specific diagnostic procedure. The first group will be studied through CT scan of the patients to evaluate impingement or instability of the prosthesis, and a needle aspiration for synovial fluid. The fluid will be examined to identify ceramic wear debris, according to a method of separation and analysis in scanning electron microscopy that was set in our Lab. Sound will be recorded by means of a wearable sensor set capable of recording the articular noise produced during level walking. This instrumentation will be coupled to motion analysis technology. This would make possible a diagnostic approach able to correlate the involved factors to clinical occurrences, on the basis of the recorded frequencies. -Second group will be studied through the dosage of circulating ions, deriving from the articular surfaces and through the histological classification of vasculitis in periimplant tissues. There is increasing evidence, indeed that locale release of submicron particles worn out from articular surfaces can release metal ions (mainly Chromium and Cobalt) responsible for lymphocyte local infiltration. In particular CD20 positive B lymphocyte and CD3 positive T lymphocyte and sometimes CD68 positive plasma cells are present. The cells could justify the development of pseudotumors in metal-on metal hip prosthesis. Data collected from patients matched to in vitro results will allow us to to avoid or at least propose a more appropriate timing for revision surgery.

In this investigation the investigators utilized N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation to enhance reduced glutathione (GSH) stores during an 8-day recovery period from a strenuous eccentric exercise protocol in order to test the hypotheses: i) redox status perturbations in skeletal muscle are pivotal for the immune responses and ii) antioxidant supplementation may alter immune cell responses following exercise-induced muscle microtrauma.

Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as "Broken Heart Syndrome", is a disorder of the heart that occurs most commonly in women (although it occasionally occurs in men) and is usually related to a stressful event. Symptoms are often similar to a heart attack, and include chest pain and shortness of breath. Although Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy is not a new medical condition, it has not been widely recognised until the last decade. Currently the investigators don't have an exact understanding of how or why the heart is affected in this way, and so the investigators are conducting a study to help understand what causes Tako Tsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-established modality for the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis with high satisfaction rate. However, the traditional cutting jigs for distal femur cutting inevitably violates the medullary canal of femoral bone. The process of intramedullary reaming for the insertion of distal femur cutting jigs stimulated the dissipation of marrow emboli that reported lead to increased risk of myocardial infarction or cardiac stress perioperatively. There are emerging refinements aiming to reduce the insult to the medullary canal of the distal femur as well as to improve the prosthetic alignment, such as navigation assisted TKA or robotic surgery. In addition to better prosthetic alignment, computer-assisted navigation TKAs also mitigate perioperative blood loss and systemic emboli. The publication previously published by the investigators showed that navigation TKAs can lead to lesser extent of elevation of endothelial injury markers than the traditional TKAs. However, the detrimental effects of intramedullary reaming seem to be multi-dimensional and the whole picture has not been elucidated clearly at present. Previous studies have shown that operative trauma can trigger marked immune responses. Operative procedures can simultaneously stimulate the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response, with 80% of the leucocyte transcriptome being affected. Most studies of hip or knee surgery found that operation-triggered immune reactions are associated with postoperative recovery, infection, and even mortality. The navigation TKAs avoid the process of intra-medullary reaming, which is the mandatory part of conventional TKA for the distal femur cutting. The investigators hypothesize that the reaming process may exert substantial inflammatory response, which can be manifested by higher level of inflammatory markers in the serum and hemovac drainage samples obtained from the participants undergoing conventional TKAs.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between anti-retroviral therapy (ART) adherence with levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir and residual viremia in suppressed, HIV-infected individuals on chronic ART.

The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnosis accuracy of modified wet suction technique and 5ml dry suction technique on solid occupying lesions.