Active clinical trials for "Influenza, Human"

Influenza virus is an important cause of morbidity in the transplant population and can lead to viral and bacterial pneumonia. Although the annual influenza vaccine is recommended for organ transplant patients, studies have shown that the standard inactivated influenza vaccine has poor immunogenicity in this population. One major hurdle in the evaluation of the response of influenza vaccine in immunocompromised patients is the lack of correlation between humoral response and efficacy of the vaccine. In patients with poor immune responses, cellular immunity may have a better correlation than humoral immunity with vaccine protection. We plan to assess the utility of 3 assays that evaluate the cell-mediated immune response (granzyme B, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-gamma (IFN-)) after influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients. Results from this study have the potential to directly improve patient care. The new monitoring assays may more accurately determine the risk for development of influenza infection, and therefore allowing a better prevention strategy.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the novel H1Nl influenza (inactivated/killed formulation) vaccine among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons. The administration of the H1Nl vaccination is not part of the study's procedures, but is being given as part of routine care.

The safety and efficacy of vaccination against influenza in patients with scleroderma is not clear. The objective of this study is to assess its safety and efficacy in 50 patients with scleroderma in comparison with 30 controls

The primary objective of this observational, comparative safety study is to evaluate the safety of the Novartis Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in pregnant women and their off spring, followed for up to 3 months of age as compared to pregnant women who have not received the Novartis Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. This study will be conducted at investigative sites within the Netherlands, Italy, and Argentina.

To estimate the incidence of H1N1v influenza-like illness and to study the risk factors for serious influenza forms during pandemic period in French HIV infected patients. Definitions: Influenza like illness is defined as fever> 37°8C and cough or pharyngalgia. (Centers for Disease Control definition). Serious forms of influenza-like illness is defined by hospitalization within 14 days onset of symptoms or death attributed to influenza like illness. Design: Survey sampling for estimating H1N1v influenza-like illness incidence. Out of approximately 50 000 patients under follow-up in one of the 40 ANRS centres, a sub-group will be selected by random sampling. Sampling will be stratified by centre and sampling fraction per site will vary in order to select 60 to 80 patients for this study per site. A total of 2500 to 3000 patients will be selected to allow for estimating the incidence of H1N1v influenza-like illness with an adequate precision. Selected patients will be asked to contact the clinical staff on site as soon as any influenza like symptoms appear. In the case of influenza like illness patients are requested to attend to the clinic within 24 hours for physical examination and naso-pharyngeal swab for diagnosis of A(H1N1)v infection. Nested case-control study for the determination of risk factors for serious forms: Cases: Serious forms (see definition above) identified by any clinical site or hospitalisation unit. Controls: Patients of the randomly selected sample (see survey sampling above), presenting with influenza-like illness without any criterion for severity. Exhaustivity check: The exhaustivity of symptomatic forms will be assessed a posteriori by merging information from all available data sources.

The aims of this study are to characterise the clinical efficacy and virological clearance dynamics of orally administered oseltamivir in patients with influenza caused by novel influenza A(H1N1). This research will also contribute to enhancing research capacity in affected countries. The objectives are to assess the: viral replication levels over time in affected patients antiviral efficacy of oral oseltamivir patterns and compartments of viral shedding, tissue distribution innate inflammatory response and relation to viral replication kinetics of antibody response antiviral sensitivity of influenza viruses at baseline and during oseltamivir treatment using in vitro and molecular methods pharmacokinetic characteristics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate all cause in hospital mortality clinical and radiological features, disease course and outcome length of stay in hospital risk factors associated with development of severe disease and death

The spread of Influenza H1N1 has prompted the development of vaccines against this virus. IBD patients are at increased risk of developing complications of Influenza H1N1. The efficacy and safety of H1N1 vaccination have not been evaluated in this population of patients. We would like to estimate the efficacy and safety of vaccination against influenza H1N1 in patients with IBD who treated with immunomodulatory drugs.

The purpose of this study was to see if reminder letters and a large raffle prize would encourage health care workers to receive influenza vaccinations.

This project aims to test the hypothesis that oral consumption of a specific strain of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum (trademarked PCC®) is able to significantly enhance the immune response to a vaccine for influenza.

Although the vaccination is the preferred method of influenza prevention, there are some occasions on which a postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is required. Two neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) may be used in chemoprophylaxis in children: oral oseltamivir, and inhaled zanamivir. Both, oseltamivir and zanamivir, are effective in treatment and in prophylaxis of influenza, and the efficacy is calculated to reach 70-90%. Oseltamivir is used more frequently, since zanamivir is licensed in older children (5 years of age and above), and children under the age of 5 years are at higher risk of influenza complications. Oseltamivir use correlated in children with higher risk of vomiting, with no increased risk of other adverse events, including those observed in adult patients (nausea, renal events, and psychiatric effects). The PEP may be indicated by individual patient's characteristics (e.g. patients in high-risk group) or epidemiological reasons, i.e. prevention of institutional outbreaks.The one research that analyzed efficacy of 3-days PEP versus 7 or 10-days and showed overall efficacy of shorter oseltamivir prophylaxis to be high and comparable to that of longer regimens. The study included several pediatric patients and made the investigators perform such an analysis in pediatric population. In this randomized controlled trial, the investigators aimed to compare efficacy, safety, and costs of 3 versus 7-days prophylaxis with oral oseltamivir in children hospitalized. The hypothesis is that 3-days duration of PEP is not less effective than 7-days PEP, and patients might gain from lower number of adverse reactions related to drug administration.